Standing Wave Binding of Hemispherical Resonator Containing First-Third Harmonics of Mass Imperfection under Linear Vibration Excitation.

Due to complicated processing technology, the mass distribution of a hemispherical resonator made of fused silica is not uniform, which can affect the azimuth of the standing wave of a resonator under the linear vibration excitation. Therefore, the analysis of standing wave evolution of a resonator with mass imperfection under linear vibration excitation is of significance for the improvement of the output accuracy of a gyroscope. In this paper, it is assumed that the resonator containing the first-third harmonics of mass imperfection is excited by horizontal and vertical linear vibration, respectively; then, the equations of motion of an imperfect resonator under the second-order vibration mode are established by the elastic thin shell theory and Lagrange mechanics principle. Through error mechanism analysis, it is found that, when the frequency of linear vibration is equal to the natural frequency of resonator, the standing wave is bound in the azimuth of different harmonics of mass imperfection with the change in vibration excitation direction. In other words, there are parasitic components in the azimuth of the standing wave of a resonator under linear vibration excitation, which can cause distortion of the output signal of a gyroscope. On the other hand, according to the standing wave binding phenomenon, the azimuths of the first-third harmonics of mass imperfection of a resonator can also be identified under linear vibration excitation, which can provide a theoretical method for the mass balance of an imperfect resonator.

The Synthesis Model of Flat-Electrode Hemispherical Resonator Gyro.

The Hemispherical Resonator Gyro (HRG) is a solid-state and widely used vibrating gyroscope, especially in the field of deep space exploration. The flat-electrode HRG is a new promising type of gyroscope with simpler structure that is easier to be fabricated. In this paper, to cover the shortage of a classical generalized Coriolis Vibration Gyroscope model whose parameters are hard to obtain, the model of flat-electrode HRG is established by the equivalent mechanical model, the motion equations of unideal hemispherical shell resonator are deduced, and the calculation results of parameters in the equations are verified to be reliable and believable by comparing with finite element simulation and the reported experimental data. In order to more truthfully reveal the input and output characteristics of HRG, the excitation and detection models with assemble errors and parameters are established based on the model of flat-electrode capacitor, and they convert both the input and output forms of the HRG model to voltage changes across the electrodes rather than changes in force and capacitance. An identification method of assemble errors and parameters is proposed to evaluate and improve the HRG manufacturing technology and adjust the performance of HRG. The average gap could be identified with the average capacitance of all excitation and detection capacitors; fitting the approximate static capacitor model could identify the inclination angle and direction angle. With the obtained model, a firm and tight connection between the real HRG system and theoretical model is established, which makes it possible to build a fully functional simulation model to study the control and detection methods of standing wave on hemispherical shell resonator.

Effect of Uneven Electrostatic Forces on the Dynamic Characteristics of Capacitive Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscopes.

The hemispherical resonator gyroscope (HRG) is a typical capacitive Coriolis vibratory gyroscope whose performance is inevitably influenced by the uneven electrostatic forces caused by the uneven excitation capacitance gap between the resonator and outer base. First, the mechanism of uneven electrostatic forces due to the significantly uneven capacitance gap in that the non-uniformity of the electrostatic forces can cause irregular deformation of the resonator and further affect the performance and precision of the HRG, was analyzed. According to the analyzed influence mechanism, the dynamic output error model of the HRG was established. In this work, the effect of the first four harmonics of the uneven capacitance gap on the HRG was investigated. It turns out that the zero bias and output error, caused by the first harmonic that dominates mainly the amplitude of the uneven capacitance gap, increase approximately linearly with the increase of the amplitude, and periodically vary with the increase of the phase. The effect of the other three harmonics follows the same law, but their amplitudes are one order of magnitude smaller than that of the first one, thus their effects on the HRG can be neglected. The effect of uneven electrostatic forces caused by the first harmonic on the scale factor is that its nonlinearity increases approximately linearly with the increase of the harmonic amplitude, which was analyzed in depth. Considering comprehensively the zero bias, the modification rate of output error, and scale factor nonlinearity, the tolerance towards the uneven excitation capacitance gap was obtained.

An Improved ACKF/KF Initial Alignment Method for Odometer-Aided Strapdown Inertial Navigation System.

For a land-vehicle strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), the problem of initial alignment with large misalignment angle in-motion needs to be solved urgently. This paper proposes an improved ACKF/KF initial alignment method for SINS aided by odometer. The SINS error equation with large misalignment angle is established first in the form of an Euler angle. The odometer/gyroscope dead reckoning (DR) error equation is deduced, which makes the observation equation linear when the position is taken as the observation of the Kalman filter. Then, based on the cubature Kalman filter, the Sage-Husa adaptive filter and the characteristics of the observation equation, an improved ACKF/KF method is proposed, which can accomplish initial alignment well in the case of unknown measurement noise. Computer simulation results show that the performance of the proposed ACKF/KF algorithm is superior to EKF, CKF and AEKF method in accuracy and stability, and the vehicle test validates its advantages.

Protein microarray analysis for detection of serum anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies after eradication therapy: a clinical follow-up.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We aimed to observe the changes in the anti-Helicobacter pylori (Hp) serum antibodies to Hp virulence factors after eradication therapy and evaluate the potential application value of protein microarray in detecting Hp antibodies after eradication therapy. METHODOLOGY: A total of 107 Hp-positive patients with peptic ulcers (55) and chronic gastritis (52) were recruited. Serum antibodies to Hp urease (Ure), cytotoxin-associated protein (CagA), vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), and anti-RdxA nitroreductase were measured. Four weeks after treatment, a 13C-urea breath test (13C- UBT) was applied to assess the Hp eradication state and to analyze correlations between the Hp eradication rate and the five antibodies. Six months after the therapy, protein microarray analysis was used to study the changes in these five serum antibodies. RESULTS: The overall Hp eradication rate was 86.0%There was no significant difference in the rate among the groups that tested positive and negative for the remaining four virulence factors. CONCLUSION: The disease type and serum anti-CagA antibody levels affect the therapeutic outcome of Hp eradication therapy. Protein microarray detection of Hp-related antibodies did not have significant application value for the long-term follow-up of Hp infection after eradication therapy.

Facile fabrication of a C60-polydopamine-graphene nanohybrid for single light induced photothermal and photodynamic therapy.

A C60-polydopamine-graphene nanohybrid is prepared by a facile approach via polydopamine chemistry. The hybrid displays synergistic photodynamic and photothermal cancer cell killing effects under single light irradiation.

Upregulation of microRNA 181c expression in gastric cancer tissues and plasma.

OBJECTIVE: To test the microRNA-181c (miR-181c) expression in tissues and plasma of gastric cancer (GC) cases, analyze any correlations, and explore the possibility of miR-181c as a potential molecular marker for GC diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relative miR-181c expression levels in cancers and plasma from 30 GC patients was tested using reverse transcription?real-time fluorescent quantitation PCR and compared to that in samples from 30 gastric ulcer and 30 chronic gastritis patients. RESULTS: The miR-181c expression level in the GC tissues was significantly higher than that in the gastric ulcer and chronic gastritis tissues (P = 0.000), as was the miR-181c expression level in the GC plasma (P = 0.000). We determined that miR-181c expression in GC plasma was positively correlated to its expression in the GC tissues (P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of miR-181c is upregulated in GC tissues and plasma, and the miR-181c expression level in GC plasma is positively correlated to that in the corresponding cancer tissues. Plasma miR-181c is possibly a new serological marker for GC diagnosis.