Clinical analysis of 134 cases of HEV-related liver failure / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical features of hepatitis E virus-related liver failure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>134 patients with HEV-related liver failure were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HEV-related liver failure accounted for 8.45 percent of the total number of hepatitis E patients in the hospital. Of the 134 patients, 68 were infected with simple HEV, 66 had the superinfection with HBV. The average age of simple HEV-related liver failure patients (56.12 +/- 14.29) was higher than that of HBV superinfectiong liver failure patients (P < 0.05). The ratio of elderly patients (> or = 60 years) in simple HEV-related liver failure patients (45.59%) was significantly higher than that of the other group (13.64%, P < 0.05). The ratio of direct bilirubin/total bilirubing (0.72 +/- 0.07, 0.69 +/- 0.08), and serum alanine aminotransferase [(1250.90 +/- 1593.97) U/L, (616.26 +/- 797.62) U/L] were significantly higher in simple HEV-related liver failure patients than in HBV superinfectiong liver failure patients (P < 0.05), but the total bilirubing had no significant difference (P > 0.05). The disease outcome and stage were no-significant difference in the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION; Simple HEV-related liver failure patients may have older age, higher aminotransferase, higher ratio of direct bilirubin/total bilirubin, but disease outcome and stage were no-significant difference in the two groups.</p>

Clinical and pathological analysis of 566 patients with cryptogenic liver diseases / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the etiology, pathology, and clinical characteristics of cryptogenic liver diseases in order to develop a pathogenic profile for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic design.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of the 566 patients diagnosed with abnormal liver function and who had undergone liver biopsy at our institute between January 2006 to March 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The Chi-squared (x²) test was used to assess disease correlation with sex and the rank sum test was used to assess disease correlation with continuous data since all data had asymmetric distribution.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 566 patients, abnormal liver function was attributed to alcoholic liver disease (n=175; 30.92%), drug-induced or environmentally-induced liver disease (n=101; 17.84%), hereditary and metabolic disease (n=93; 16.43%), infectious hepatitis disease (n=84; 14.84%), fatty liver disease (n=53; 9.36%), and autoimmune liver disease (n=30; 53.00%). Thirty patients had unknown etiology, despite liver biopsy analysis. Among these disease subgroups, there were distinct correlations with sex, age, and levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). The autoimmune liver disease group was correlated with sex (q=9.14, 7.435, 5.071, 9.529, and 12.5, respectively; P less than or equal to 0.01). The alcoholic liver disease group and autoimmune liver disease group were correlated with age (vs. genetic metabolic disease group: q=17.254 and 10.302; infectious hepatitis group: q=17.523 and 10.697); drug/environmentally-induced liver damage group: q=9.170 and 5.266); fatty liver group: q=7.118 and 4.661) (P less than or equal to 0.01). In addition, the alcoholic and autoimmune liver disease groups were correlated with GGT levels (vs. genetic metabolic disease group: q=8.003; infectious hepatitis group: q=4.793; drug/environmentally-induced liver damage group: q=4.404) (P less than or equal to 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Liver pathology is important for the diagnosis of cryptogenic liver diseases. Patient age, sex, and biochemistry index may facilitate diagnosis and treatment in the absence of pathology.</p>

Clinical study on hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system for acute on chronic liver failure patients / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct an hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system, and observe its effectiveness and safety on patients with acute on chronic liver failure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system (HBALSS) was constructed using bioreactor with HepG2 cells transfected with human augmenter of liver regeneration (hALR) gene. 12 acute on chronic liver failure patients were divided into 2 groups randomly. The treatment group was treated with the hybrid bioartificial liver support system. The group underwent plasma exchange was used as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the treatment group, four patients recovered, one patient died of hepatic encephalopathy, one patient died of hepatorenal syndrome, one patient recovered, but died of gastrointestnal bleeding after 1 year. In control group, two patients recovered, one patient underwent orthotropic liver transplantation, and three patients died of liver failure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system with HepG2 cell line was established successfully and have certain safety and effectiveness on acute on chronic liver failure patients.</p>

Clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients with familial aggregation / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients with familial aggregation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>275 patients with hepatitis B virus--related acute-on-chronic liver failure were investigated. The patients were divided into familial aggregation and non-familial aggregation group basis on their epidemiological features. Clinical data and biochemical indicators between the two groups were analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>93 of 275 patients (33.82%) case were family aggregation. There was no significant difference compared with chronic hepatitis B patients (38.3%). The mean age of the two groups was 45.98 and 43.61 years old, respectively (P > 0.05). The rates of liver cirrhosis in family aggregation group were significant higher than non-familial aggregation group (73.91% vs 58.24%, p < 0.05). Serum total (TBil) and prothrombin activities (PTA) were no significant difference between the two groups, but ALT level in familial aggregation group was much higher (407.80 U/L vs 256.45 U/L, P 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Familial aggregation were not related to acute-on-chronic liver failure in chronic HBV hepatitis patients. But the rate of liver cirrhosis were higher in patients with familial aggregation.</p>

Construction and experimental study on off-line hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system with human liver cell line / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct an off-line hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system with human liver cell line, and study it's effect on the plasma from patients with liver failure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We established the bioreactor using Psu-2s (Fresenius) cultured with Hep G2 cell transfected with human augmenter of liver regeneration (hALR) gene, then constructed a hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system, at last using the bioartificial liver support system to purify the plasma treated 2 hours with serum bilirubin absorbent, separated from acute on chronic liver failure patients infected by hepatitis B virus.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Bioreactor was successful constructed. The cell viability in perigastrum of bioreactor is 85.2% and cell propagated rapidly. Before and after treating with bilirubin absorbent, serum total bilirubin was (176.19 +/- 54.14) micromol/L and (50.1 +/- 16.85) micromol/L respectively (P = 0.0002). While there were no significance difference in the level of albumin, urea and glucose. At the begin and end of treatment with bioartificial liver, serum total bilirubin was (50.10 +/- 16.85) micromol/L and (30.27 +/- 15.02) micromol/L respectively (P = 0.000), the urea and albumin increased, urea has significantly difference, but the change of albumin hasn't.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The off-line hybrid bioartificial liver supporting system with human liver cell line were builded successfully and have synthesis and metabolism functions for acute on chronic liver failure patients.</p>

[Study on the effect of intervention about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among men who have sex with men].

OBJECTIVE: To study the outcomes of AIDS intervention programs and to provide scientific evidence for developing pertinent strategy on intervention among men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS: MSM were recruited through snowballing and investigated by face to face interview in 2006 and 2007 respectively. SPSS 12.0 was used to compare the change of cognition about AIDS, sexual behavior, prevalence rates of HIV and Syphilis before and after the intervention program among the population under study. RESULTS: The cognition about AIDS among MSM was obviously improved after the intervention with the rate increased from 74.3% to 82.4% (P = 0.01). The rate of last time condom use among MSM increased from 56.4% to 65.5% (P = 0.00). The rate of consistent condom use during six months among MSM increased from 31.8% to 41.9% (P = 0.00). The rates of both condom use during commercial sex with men and with women did not change much among MSM. The prevalence rates of HIV in 2006 and 2007 were 10.4% and 10.8% and of syphilis in 2006 and 2007 were 9.3% and 7.3% respectively which were not significantly different between before and after the intervention. CONCLUSION: The cognition about AIDS among MSM was improved obviously. However, the rate of consistent condom use was still low, reflecting the segregation phenomenon between their behavior and cognition. All our findings implied that it was crucial to carry out AIDS prevention and control programs.

[HIV prevalence and its associated factors among men who have sex with men in Chongqing].

OBJECTIVE: To examine HIV prevalence and its associated factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) and provide the evidence for the intervention program among MSM. METHODS: A face-to-face questionnaire interview was conducted among MSM recruited by snowball sampling method in Yuzhong, Jiulongpo and Shapingba district of Chongqing from July to September, 2007. Totally, 1044 MSM were recruited. Associated factors with HIV prevalence were analyzed using forward stepwise logistic regression that HIV status was the dependent variable and demographics, AIDS awareness, sexual behaviors and the status of the intervention were independent variables. RESULTS: A total of 1044 MSM were surveyed. The rate of AIDS awareness was 89.5% among MSM. The rate of unprotected anal sex during the past 6 months was 63.8%. The prevalence of HIV and syphilis was 8.5% (89/1044) and 12.5% (131/1044) respectively. The multivariate analysis identified that the older MSM (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.13 - 2.52), junior school education (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.17 - 3.05), younger than 18 years old of the first sex (OR = 3.11, 95% CI: 1.20 - 8.02), more than 10 sexual partners (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.24 - 4.02), the history of having sex with women (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.64 - 3.51) and syphilis infection (OR = 4.52, 95% CI: 2.77 - 7.38) were independent risk factors associated with HIV infection. CONCLUSION: The rate of unprotected anal sex was high, so were the prevalence of HIV and syphilis among MSM. It should be urgent to conduct the intervention to stop AIDS rapid transmission among MSM.

Primry research of separation and culture of adult hepatocytes / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the separation and culture method of adult hepatocytes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The isolated adult hepatocytes were cultivated by RPMI 1640 medium at 37 degrees C in vitro. The characteristics of the growing hepatocytes were observed. Their synthesis of urea was detected. The transformation efficiency and density's change of lidocaine were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hepatocytes were successful separated from adult liver. And they were cultivated in common condition and hollow fiber reactor. The functional capacity of hepatocytes was for lidocaine metabolism and urea excretion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The adult hepatocytes have been successful separated from liver. And they can be cultivated in common condition and hollow fiber reactor. And it could provide a great quantity and high activity of hepatocytes for bioartificial liver.</p>

Primary application of identification-aided system for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of emerging infectious diseases / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify the rate of diagnostic fitting between the clinic and the indentification-aided for diagnosis and differential diagnosis system, for emerging infections diseases (EID) established.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>314 cases of 49 kinds of contagious diseases diagnosed and another 186 patients with fever who not diagnosed were tested by the system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Preliminary verification was made in 314 cases diagnosed which classified to 49 kinds of contagious diseases of infectious diseases and the results showed that the coincidence rate of clinical diagnosis and first diagnosis of this system was 61.9%; the suggestive rate of first three diagnoses was 78.1%, and that of first five diagnoses was 86.6%. The diagnosis of another 186 patients with fever were diagnosed by the system and the results showed that the coincidence rate of clinical diagnosis and first diagnosis was 59.7%; the suggestive rate of first three diagnoses was 77.9%, and that of first five diagnoses was 85.4%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The system can accurately suggest impossible diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and be useful for our medical work.</p>

Research of hepatic pathology and clinical characteristics of patients chronic infected with hepatitis B virus in immune tolerant stage / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics of the hepatic pathological and clinical features of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) in immune tolerant stage and find the better measure of diagnosing patients chronic infected by HBV in immune tolerant phase.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>135 patients with HBV chronic infection and persistently normal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were involved in this study, whose serum HBeAg and HBV DNA were positive. Statistical analysis included the ages, sex, serum levels of HBVDNA, ALT and histological grade. The grades of inflammation and fibrosis were obtained through hepatic biopsy performed on all the patients.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Mean age in those patients was 22.61 +/- 8.95 years old. All those patients were divided into two groups according to histological grade: low- histological grade group, G < or = 1 and S < or = 1; and high-histological grade group, G > or = 2, S > or = to 2. Levels of histological grade were low in most of patients (99/135). Patients of low-histological grade had no difference in age, sex and family history of HBsAg carriers. Compared with low-normal ALT (ALT less than 30U/L), those with high-normal ALT (ALT > or = 30U/L) had a greater frequencies of high-histological grade. Compared with high HBVDNA (HBVDNA > or = 10(7) copies/ml), those with low HBVDNA (HBVDNA less than 10(7) copies/ml) had a greater frequencies of high-histological grade.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Levels of histological grade were low in most of patients with HBV chronic infection, serum HBeAg and HBVDNA positive, persistently normal serum ALT levels, but some of them were high-histological grade. It showed those patients were not all in immune tolerant stage of chronic HBV infection. Examination of ALT and HBVDNA are helpful to evaluate hepatic pathological damage for them.</p>

Detection of coagulation factor V in patients with severe hepatitis and its clinical significance / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To investigate the prognostic significance and role of coagulation factor V (CFV) levels in clinical diagnostic criteria for severe hepatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The CFV level and prothrombin activity (PTA) were tested by turbidimetry for 129 times in 58 patients with severe hepatitis. Comparative studies and clinical significance of CFV and PTA were analyzed by SPSS and SDAS softwares.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. The levels of CFV and PTA were 15.3%+/-9.7% and 23.5%+/-10.0%, respectively, at the onset of severe hepatitis. 2. The mortality of severe hepatitis gradually increased with the gradual decrease of CFV or PTA during the most severe stage of the illness (P=0.000). 3. The levels of CFV and PTA decreased continually and rapidly in patients who died but gradually increased in survivors. The decrease or increase of PTA preceded that of CFV on the exacerbation or convalescent stage. 4. Hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 14 cases (24.14%). In 10 cases, it occurred in the terminal stage of the illness, far later than the time of the decrease of CFV. 5. The level of CFV was closely related to PTA (the correlation coefficient was 0.812), the level of CFV was almost consistent with that of PTA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>1. The level of CFV is an important prognostic indicator in severe hepatitis and is more specific than PTA. 2. Simultaneous determination of CFV and PTA may be helpful in earlier and more accurate diagnosis of severe hepatitis. 3. Possible use of CFV as one of the criteria for liver transplantation in patients with severe hepatitis should be studied.</p>