Several thinking about the training of eight - year program medical students in clinical work and scientific research of ophthalmology / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

?In allusion to the training requirements of eight-year program medical students, combining with our own experience in teaching this type of the students in ophthalmology, we have done some thinking about the training methods of eight-year program medical students in order to improving their comprehensive abilities of ophthalmology. Several suggestions are made in various aspects, including the study of the basic theory of ophthalmology, the training of doctor - patient communication skills, the training of basic clinical skills, the interest developments in ophthalmology subspecialty areas and the training of basic experiment skills.

Development of an ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction method for the determination of phthalate esters in water samples.

Ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (IL-DLLME) was coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) for the determination of four phthalate esters, including butyl benzyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in water samples. The mixture of ionic liquid (IL) and dispersive solvent was rapidly injected into 10 mL aqueous sample. Then, IL phase was separated by centrifugation and was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet. The factors influencing the extraction efficiency, such as type and volume of IL, disperse solvent, extraction time, centrifuging time and ionic strength, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction recoveries by the proposed ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction for the four phthalates ranged from 83.0 to 91.7%. The relative standard deviations were between 7.8 and 15%. The limits of quantification for four phthalates were between 10.6 and 28.5 µg/L. The proposed method was successfully applied for the analysis of PAEs in tap, lake and treated wastewater samples.

Progress in research of adenosine and its biological products in ophthalmology / 中华实验眼科杂志

Adenosine is an important biological substance in the body. It exists extensively in intracellular and extracellular tissues. In physiological condition, adenosine remains at very low level intissue. However, under stress such as inflammation, ischemia, hypoxia, trauma, or pain etc. the adenosine concentrationwill be elevated dramatically,indicating that adenosine participates in multiple histopathological processes. Adenosine is a natural chemical messenger that binds to four subtypes( A1, A2A, A2B, A3 ) of adenosine receptors and by that, it regulates multiple kinds of physiological functions. Studies found that adenosine plays an important role in the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and coagulation system. In recent years, adenosine has been seen as an attractive option to improve the treatment of glaucoma and retinal diseases. The effects of adenosine in ophthalmology were as follows: adjusting intraocular pressure, inhibiting retinal angiogenesis, dilating retinal blood vessels, regulating retinal nerve conduction, protecting retinal photoreceptors and ganglion cells, arresting the inflammatory response. This article discusses the research progress in adenosine and its receptors as well as biological products of adenosine and projects the application of adenosine in ophthalmology.

Discrimination of anticancer agent action loci at G(2) and M phases by flow cytometry and confocal microscopic imaging / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to evaluate a method to discriminate the action loci of anticancer agents in G(2) and M phases of cell cycle. The meta-amsacrine (m-AMSA) and vinblastine (VBL), already known as G(2) and M phase arrest agent respectively, were used to induce the arrest of MOLT-4 cells at G(2) and M phases, the change of DNA content was detected by flow cytometry, the morphology of arrested cells was observed by confocal microscopy so as to find the arrest efficacy difference of 2 anticancer agents. As a result, the flow cytometric detection showed that the arrested MOLT-4 cells displayed the raise of peaks in G(2) and M phases, but flow cytometric detection alone can not discriminate the difference between them. The observation with confocal microscopy showed that the MOLT-4 cells arrested by m-AMSA displayed the morphologic features in G(2) phase, while the MOLT-4 cells arrested by VBL displayed the morphologic features in M phase. This observation with confocal microscopy is helpful to discriminate the difference between them. In conclusion, the combination of flow cytometry with confocal microscopy is one of the effective methods to discriminate the kind of G(2) or M phase arresting agent of anticancer drugs.

Cell cycle arrest at M phase induced by vinblastine in MOLT-4 cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the biological effect of vinblastine (VLS), usually known as inductor of mitotic arrest, on MOLT-4 of ALL cells and to evaluate its significance. The cell arrest in M phase and/or cell apoptosis were induced by treatment of MOLT-4 cells with 0.05 microg/ml VLS for 0 - 12 hours; the DNA histogram was detected by flow cytometry; the morphological changes of cells were observed by confocal microscopy; the cell cycle distribution, cell apoptosis and morphological changes of cells before and after arrest were analyzed by using arrest increasing rate (AIR), arrest efficiency (AE), apoptosis rate (AR) and morphologic parameters respectively. The results indicated that the cell arrest did not accompanied by significant increase of apoptosis rate; the DNA histogram of cell arrest showed dynamic change of cell cycle in time-dependent manner; the arrest efficiency could be quantified. The cell arrest at M phase was accompanied by cell stack in S phase, the cell proliferation rate dropped after cell arrest occurred. The cells arrested at M phase possessed of characteristic morphologic features in cell mitosis. It is concluded that the vinblastine can solely induce arrest of MOLT-4 cells at M phase. This study provides experimental basis for further investigating the relation of cell cycle arrest to apoptosis, mechanism of checkpoint and development of new anticancer drugs.

[TPX2 expression and its significance in squamous cell carcinoma of lung].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) and its significance in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung. METHOD: Two SCC cell lines and 4 immortalized bronchial epithelial cell lines (as a precancerous model) were examined by Western blot for TPX2 expression. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis for TPX2 was also performed using tumor tissues from 21 patients with SCC of the lung. The expression of TPX2 was studied by immunohistochemistry (using tissue microarray) on paraffin-embedded sections of pulmonary SCC and corresponding precancerous lesions from a group of 319 patients. RESULTS: TPX2 was variably expressed in all the cell lines studied. Compared with matched controls using normal lung tissue, high level of TPX2 mRNA was detected in 16 of the 21 SCC tumor tissue samples analyzed. Immunohistochemical study showed that TPX2 was mainly present in tumor tissues but not in normal controls. The expression of TPX2 correlated with tumor grade, stage and nodal status. As for precancerous lesions, the level of TPX2 was also increased, in accordance with the degree of dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of TPX2 may play a role in carcinogenesis of bronchial epithelium and tumor progression of pulmonary SCC. It may also represent a potential biomarker for surveillance of SCC of lung.

[Clinical features and prognosis of multiple primary tumors of lung combined with other organs--report of 281 cases].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Along with the progress of tumor diagnosis, the detection of multiple primary tumors (MPT) of the lung combined with other organs is increasing, but their clinical features and prognosis are unclear yet. This study was to investigate clinical features and prognosis of MPT of the lung combined with other organs. METHODS: Of the 281 patients with MPT of the lung combined with other organs, treated in our hospital from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 2000, 115 had lung cancer diagnosed first (Group A), 116 had other cancers diagnosed first (Group B). Clinical features and prognosis of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in sex distribution between the 2 groups (P=0.51). At the diagnosis of the first cancer of MPT, the median age of the patients was significantly older in Group A than in Group B (62.5 years vs. 54.5 years, P=0.02), while at the diagnosis of the second cancer, it showed no significant difference between the 2 groups (64.5 years vs. 63.5 years, P=0.08). The interval between first and second primary tumors was significantly shorter in Group A than in Group B (36.0 months vs. 49.0 months, P<0.001). The proportion of stage I-II lung cancer was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B (83.9% vs. 63.7%, P<0.01). Since the diagnosis of first primary cancer, the medium survival time was shorter in Group A than in Group B (69.0 months vs. 87.5 months), and the 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in Group A than in Group B (59.0% vs. 70.0%, P<0.001). Since the diagnosis of second primary cancer, no significant difference in medium survival time and 5-year survival rate was observed between the two groups (25.0 months vs. 28.0 months, 10.5% vs. 13.5%, P=0.92). Second primary cancers occurred in the lung, upper respiratory tract, breast, esophagus, colon, rectum, stomach, and cervix. Smoking was a significant risk factor in the development of MPT of the lung combined with upper respiratory tract. CONCLUSIONS: Lung cancer is closely correlated to upper respiratory tract tumors among MPTs of the lung combined with other organs, and smoking is a potential risk factor. Compared with the patients who had lung cancer diagnosed first, the patients who had other cancers diagnosed first are younger at the first diagnosis, and have longer interval between first and second primary tumors, with better prognosis.

Protective Effect of Erigeron Breviscapus(Vant.)Hand-Mazz on Retinal Ganglion Cells and Optic Nerve in Rabbits with Elevated Intraocular Pressure / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To observe the protective effect of Erigeron Breviscapus(Vant.)Hand-Mazz(EBHM) on retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) and optic nerve in rabbits with elevated intraocular pressure(IOP). Methods Twenty rabbits with chronic elevated IOP were divided into two groups randomly: EBHM treated group(the ocular hypertension with EBHM treated subgroup and the normal IOP with EBHM treated subgroup) and untreated group(the simple ocular hypertension subgroup and the simple normal IOP subgroup). EBHM was irrigated into the stomachs to the treated group after IOP elevated continuously for 7 d.For light and electron microscopy studies,the rabbits' eyes were made into eyeball samples and optic nerve samples after 60 d.The density of RGCs,thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL),and optic nerve axons were observed and quantitated by computer image analysis system.The ultra-microstructure changes of RGCs and optic nerve axons were observed by electron microscope.Results(①The RNFL) thickness,RGCs density and number of axons of the two ocular hypertension subgroups were decreased,compared with those of the two normal IOP subgroups(P

Neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin on cultured retinal neurocytes by glutamate / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To investigate whether erythropoietin(Epo) is potentially beneficial in protecting cultured retinal neurocytes.Methods Primary isolated retinal nerve cells were cultured.Expressions of Epo and EpoR protein in cultured retinal neurocytes were decected by immunohistochemical analysis.Survival of cultured neurocytes that were incubated in the presence of Epo or glutamate in the presence or absence of Epo were estimated by determining the activity of their mitochondrial dehydrogenases using the MTT assay.Results Epo and EpoR protein were expressed on the cultured retinal neurocytes.The presence of different concentrations of Epo did not improve the survival of retinal neurocytes,and Epo could prevent glutamateinduced toxicity. Conclusion Epo is beneficial in protecting mixed cultured retinal neurocytes from glutamate-induced cytotoxicity.

Application of Mitomycin C during Operation of Pterygium for Decreasing Recurrence / 上海第二医科大学学报

0.05).The recurrence of pterygium was related to the age.If the age increased five years,the risk of recurrence decreased 18.1%. Conclusion The application of MMC(during) the operation could decrease the recurrence rate of pterygium.The recurrence rate of pterygium was not related to the time of application of 0.02% MMC,and detainment for 3 min was enough during the operation.

Effect of IFN-? on Phenotypic Transition of Human Tenon's Conjunctival Capsular Fibroblast / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To explore the effect of interferon-?(IFN-?)on phenotypic transition of human Tenon’s conjunctival capsular fibroblast(HTCF). Methods Cultured HTCF derived from 4 operated human cataracts was induced for 48 hours in absence or presence of IFN-? and/or transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1). Then immunocytochemistry and Western blot technology were used to detect the ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)expression and identificate the cell phenotype. Results In contrast to normal HTCF, IFN-?(10 ng/mL) inhibited the expression of ?-SMA(P