Design, synthesis and neuraminidase inhibitory activity of 4-methyl-5-(3-phenylacryloyl) thiazoles.

A series of 4-methyl-5-(3-phenylacryloyl)thiazoles based on chalcones were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitory activity in vitro. A preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis showed that thiazoles bearing amide had greater potency. It also showed that mono-hydroxyl group at 4-position on phenyl ring was more effective than other electron-releasing groups or electron-withdraw groups. Compounds A2 and A26 were more potent against NA with IC50 values of 8.2 ± 0.5 µg/mL and 6.2 ± 1.4 µg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking study demonstrated that thiazoles skeleton was benefit for the NA inhibitory activity.

Electrochemical synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from amidoximes through dehydrogenative cyclization.

A convenient and efficient method for the generation of the iminoxy radical through anodic oxidation was developed for the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles from N-benzyl amidoximes. The transformation proceeds through 1.5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer (1,5-HAT) and intramolecular cyclization. The process features simple operation, mild conditions, broad substrate scope and high functional group compatibility, and provides a facile and practical way for the preparation of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of honokiol derivatives as influenza neuraminidase inhibitors.

Honokiol, a natural polyphenol, which was reported to have satisfactory influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitory activity, was structurally modified. Twenty-three compounds were synthesized and the ortho-effects in the epoxidation and hydrolyzation reactions were studied. The derivatives were evaluated for NA inhibitory activity and the benzoylhydrazone derivatives showed much better anti-NA activity than honokiol. Structure-activity relationship analysis suggested that the polyphenols exhibited better anti-NA activity than monophenols and biphenols. Furthermore, probable binding mode of drug with target revealed that the most active compound had much stronger interactions with the active site of NA than honokiol suggesting the potent anti-influenza virus activity.

[Genetic diversity of wild Cynodon dactylon germplasm detected by SRAP markers].

Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular markers were used to detect the genetic diversity of 32 wild accessions of Cynodon dactylon collected from Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou and Tibet, China. The following results were obtained. (1) Fourteen primer pairs produced 132 polymorphic bands, averaged 9.4 bands per primer pair. The percentage of polymorphic bands in average was 79.8%. The Nei's genetic similarity coefficient of the tested accessions ranged from 0.591 to 0.957, and the average Nei's coefficient was 0.759. These results suggested that there was rich genetic diversity among the wild resources of Cynodon dactylon tested. (2) Thirty two wild accessions were clustered into four groups. Moreover, the accessions from the same origin frequently clustered into one group. The findings implied that a correlation among the wild resources, geographical and ecological environment. (3) Genetic differentiation between and within six eco-geographical groups of C. dactylon was estimated by Shannon's diversity index, which showed that 65.56% genetic variance existed within group, and 34.44% genetic variance was among groups. (4) Based on Nei's unbiased measures of genetic identity, UPGMA cluster analysis measures of six eco-geographical groups of Cynodon dactylon, indicated that there was a correlation between genetic differentiation and eco-geographical habits among the groups.

[AFLP analysis on genetic diversity of wild Dactylis glomerata L. germplasm resources].

Thirty-seven accessions of wild Dactylis glomerata L. were used in assessment of genetic diversity by means of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Nine primer pairs were selected from 64 preparations and then used to analyze the plant materials. A total of 400 DNA fragments were amplified, among which 336 (84.0%) were polymorphic. Genetic distance, from 0.0692-0.4214 among accessions, was calculated by the NTSYS-pc software. A dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA based on genetic distance matrix. Eight clusters were defined at the genetic similarity of 0.81. A two-dimensional PCO plot representing relationships among accessions was also produced by EIGEN, demonstrating the same distribution pattern as from the cluster analysis. Based on molecular analysis, the genetic variation of D. glomerata germplasms was closely associated with ploidy levels and geographical distributions.