ABSTRACT
Foreign shareholders are essential in the capital market. The study on A-share listed firms from 2012 to 2021 examines the impact of foreign ownership on internal control and its transmission effect. Using text analysis and machine learning methods, we construct a variable named "internal control willingness" to explore the impact of subjective willingness. The findings indicate that foreign shareholding significantly enhances internal control quality, with a more pronounced effect observed in samples demonstrating a more positive internal control willingness. Moreover, foreign shareholders contribute to the invested firm's sustainable development by enhancing internal control quality. Further research demonstrates that the positive impact of foreign shareholding is more significant in firms with legal foreign shareholders, highly competitive industries, and sound legal environments. These findings can aid host country firms in more efficiently leveraging foreign resources and provide empirical evidence for opening up China's capital market and formulating foreign investment regulations.
ABSTRACT
As the key properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the hole extraction and transport capabilities of the hole transport material (HTM) affect the photovoltaic performance of PSCs to a considerable extent, while both capabilities can be adjusted by molecular planarity. Therefore, in this work, the molecular planarity of the HTM is systematically optimized to regulate the hole extraction and transport capabilities. Along with the improvement in planarity, the HTM's HOMO level is increased, leading to the enhancement of hole extraction capability. Meanwhile, the hole transport capability can also be improved due to the intensification of molecular stacking during the film formation. As a result, the planar HTM achieves a relatively high efficiency of 18.48 %, which is higher than that of spiro-OMeTAD. Accordingly, the molecular planarity presents an important impact on the photovoltaic performance of PSCs, providing us with a promising strategy for further optimization of efficient HTMs.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish a genetic typing map for Campylobacter jejuni in China by using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). METHODS: A PFGE protocol was developed for subtyping C. jejuni isolates from different sources. The effect of cell suspension concentration, Seakem Gold agarose gel strength, proteinase K density, washing style, and restriction enzyme concentration were also evaluated. RESULTS: DNA from 37 isolated strains of C. jejuni digested with restriction enzyme Sma I produced PFGE profiles that distinguished these strains to the level of species, and resulted in 6 to 24 bands of electrophoresis. A phyletic evolution tree showed that the isolates could be separated into four genetic lineages, and possessed dominance among lineage IV. The distribution of isolated strains from different sources overlapped each other in all groups. CONCLUSION: PFGE can be used for the investigation of molecular epidemiological patterns of C. jejuni and for tracing the source of C. jejuni in clinical patients. Preliminary data showed that human Campylobacteriosis was related to C. jejuni of animal origin, particularly from the chicken.
