Comparative efficacy of psychological interventions on anxiety and depression in patients with cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated that psychological interventions are effective in alleviating anxiety and depression in patients with cancer. However, the optimal psychological intervention to alleviate anxiety and depression in patients with cancer remains unknown. This study was carried out to compare and rank the comparative effectiveness of various psychological interventions on anxiety and depression in patients with cancer. METHODS: Databases, namely PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and CBM were systematically searched from their inception dates to December 2023 for randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions for anxiety and depression in patients with cancer. Utilizing the Cochrane Review Manager 5.4, we evaluated the risk of bias in the studies included in the current study based on the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 Methodological Quality Evaluation Criteria. The NMA was conducted using STATA 15.0. This study did not involve human participants and therefore did not require ethical approval. RESULTS: Thirty-one randomized controlled trials involving 3471 participants were included. MT [SMD = 1.35, 95% CI (0.76, 1.93)] and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) [SMD = 0.97, 95% CI (0.53, 1.42)] were superior to usual care in alleviating anxiety. Besides, interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) [SMD = 1.17, 95% CI (0.06, 2.28)], CBT [SMD = 0.97, 95 % CI (0.63, 1.30)], and MT [SMD = 0.93, 95% CI (0.35, 1.50)] were superior to usual care in alleviating depression. In addition, CBT was superior to family therapy in alleviating depression [SMD = 0.73, 95% CI (0.08, 1.38)]. The MT, CBT, and IPT ranked in the top three in alleviating anxiety, while IPT, CBT, and MT ranked in the top three in alleviating depression. CONCLUSION: MT and IPT would be a more appropriate option in alleviating anxiety and depression in patients with cancer, respectively. This study also suggested that CBT had a significant effect in alleviating negative emotions in patients with cancer. However, the results need to be validated by high-quality and large-sample studies.

The unmet rehabilitation needs of colorectal cancer survivors after surgery: A qualitative meta-synthesis.

AIM: To systematically review and synthesize the findings of qualitative research on the unmet rehabilitation needs of colorectal cancer survivors (CRC) after surgery. DESIGN: A qualitative meta-synthesis registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022368837). METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Medline, PsychINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched for qualitative studies on the rehabilitation needs of CRC survivors after surgery from the inception of each database to September 2022. RESULTS: A total of 917 relevant reports were initially collected and 14 studies were finally included. A total of 49 needs were extracted and divided into 15 categories in 6 integrated findings: (1) the need to adopt healthy eating habits; (2) the need for exercise motivation and exercise guidance; (3) the conflicting needs to return to work; (4) unaddressed physiological needs; (5) spiritual needs; (6) the need for multi-dimensional social support. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Not applicable.

The effect of socioeconomic status and social inclusion on the mental health of Chinese migrants: A comparison between interprovincial and intra-provincial migrants.

This article sought to explore the impacts of socioeconomic status and social inclusion on intra-provincial and interprovincial migrants' mental health by constructing the Bayesian structural equation model. A total of 14,584 migrants aged 15-59 years living in eight cities of China were selected. It was found that the impacts of socioeconomic status and social inclusion on mental health were converse for these two groups. And the manifest variables coefficients of socioeconomic status and social inclusion were also converse. Therefore, governments should make some policies to further improve the mental health of migrants, including strengthening the community cohesion, social atmosphere, and governmental support.

A reverse factual analysis of the association between smoking and memory decline in China.

BACKGROUND: Whether smoking accelerates memory recession has been a topic of significant research. However, randomised controlled trials are not easy to carry out, and does not comply with the ethics of research. And observation method which based on the most readily observed data is easy to draw the wrong conclusions without adjustment. The memory difference between smokers and non-smokers may not really represent the real differences between their memories. METHODS: In response to these limitations, we adopt propensity score method to match the samples and solve the estimated selection bias and confounding bias on elderlies aged 60 years and over based on Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2011) data. The respondents are divided into non-smokers, people who used to smoke but not now, and people who used to smoke and still now. To balance the similarity between different groups on their propensity score weighted distributions of pretreatment covariates, we use generalized boosted models to estimate the multiply treatment propensity scores. RESULTS: The results show that compared with non-smokers, people who used to smoke and still now respectively have a decrease 0.0283, 0.0735, 0.0091 on self-evaluation memory, daily living activities, and cognitive function. People who used to smoke but not now have a decrease 0.0224 on daily living activities, while have an increase 0.0054 and 0.0104 on self-evaluation memory, and cognitive function. CONCLUSION: The PSM has considerable utility to control pre-treatment imbalances on observed covariates in non-randomised or observational data.