ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Our aim is to determine the caregiver burden of chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) patient's caregivers, and to determine whether there is a workday loss. METHODS: 252 COPD patients and their caregivers were included. Disease information of the patients were recorded and a questionnaire was applied. Socio-demographic characteristics of the caregivers were recorded and a questionnaire consisting of 24 questions including COPD disease, treatment and loss of working days, and the Zarit Scale were used. RESULTS: 128(50.8%) of the patients according to GOLD were group-D, 97(38.5%) of the patient's relatives were working, 62(24.7%) were not able to go to work for 1-14 days, and 125(57.1%) spent outside the home from 1-14 nights, because those accompanied to patients. In univariate analysis were detected modified medical research council (mMRC) (p < 0.001), CAT (p < 0.001), the number of comorbidities of patients (p = 0.027), forced expiratory volume in 1 FEV1cc (p = 0.009), FEV1% (p < 0.001), the presence of long term oxygen therapy (LTOT), and the number of comorbidities of the patient's relatives (p = 0.06) increased the care load. In multiple linear regression analysis, age (p = 0.03), COPD assessment test (CAT) score (p = 0.001), FEV1% (<0.068) and the number of comorbidities of patients (p = 0.01) and the number of comorbidities of caregivers (p = 0.003) increased the caregiving burden. DISCUSSION: In COPD increases caregiving burden. This burden is greater in symptomatic patients and when comorbidities are present. Psychosocial and legal regulations should be investigated and solutions should be produced for the caregivers of COPD patients.
Subject(s)
Caregivers , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Caregiver Burden , Caregivers/psychology , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humans , Oxygen , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Abstract Background: Although right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in pulmonary diseases has been associated with increased morbidity, tools for RV dysfunction identification are not well defined. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of RV dysfunction by means of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to investigate whether STE could be used as an index of RV improvement after a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program. Methods: Forty-six patients with COPD undergoing PR program and 32 age-sex matched healthy subjects were enrolled. RV function was evaluated at admission and after PR program by conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and STE. In addition, exercise tolerance of subjects was evaluated using the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Results: COPD patients had worse RV function according to STE and 2DE as well. STE was more sensitive than conventional 2DE in determining RV improvement after PR program - RV global longitudinal strain (LS): 20.4 ± 2.4% vs. 21.9 ± 2.9% p < 0.001 and RV free wall LS: 18.1 ± 3.4% vs. 22.9 ± 3.7%, p < 0.001). RV free wall LS was directly related to distance walked at baseline 6MWT (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) and to the change in the 6MWT distance (6MWTD ∆) (r = 0.41, p = 0.04). Conclusions: We conclude that STE might be as effective as 2DE for evaluation of global and regional RV functions. STE may become an important tool for assessment and follow-up of COPD patients undergoing PR program to determine the relationship between RV function and exercise tolerance.
Resumo Fundamento: Embora a disfunção do ventrículo direito (VD) nas doenças pulmonares tenha sido associada ao aumento da morbidade, as ferramentas para a identificação da disfunção do VD não estão bem definidas. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a disfunção do VD por ecocardiografia speckle tracking (STE) em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), e se a STE pode ser usada como indicador de melhora da função ventricular direita após um programa de reabilitação pulmonar (RP). Métodos: Quarenta e seis pacientes com DPOC submetidos ao programa de RP e 32 controles sadios pareados por sexo e idade foram incluídos no estudo. A função do VD foi avaliada na admissão e após o programa de RP por ecocardiografia bidimensional convencional e por STE. Além disso, a tolerância ao exercício foi avaliada pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M). Resultados: Pacientes com DPOC apresentaram pior função do VD segundo STE e ecocardiografia bidimensional convencional. Em comparação ao método convencional, a STE mostrou maior sensibilidade em determinar melhora da função ventricular direita após o programa de RP - strain longitudinal (SL) global do VD: 20,4 ± 2,4% vs. 21,9 ± 2,9% p < 0,001; SL da parede livre do VD: 18,1 ± 3,4% vs. 22,9 ± 3,7%, p < 0,001. O SL da parede livre do VD relacionou-se diretamente com a distância percorrida no TC6M basal (r = 0,58, p < 0,001) e com a variação no TC6M ∆ (TC6M) (r = 0,41, p = 0,04). Conclusões: Concluímos que a STE pode ser tão eficaz como a ecocardiografia bidimensional convencional na avaliação das funções globais e regionais do VD. Ainda, a STE pode se tornar uma importante ferramenta de avaliação e acompanhamento de pacientes com DPOC submetidos à RP para determinar a relação entre função ventricular direita e tolerância ao exercício.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Echocardiography/methods , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/rehabilitation , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Time Factors , Case-Control Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Ventricular Function, Right/physiology , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Heart Ventricles/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Although right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in pulmonary diseases has been associated with increased morbidity, tools for RV dysfunction identification are not well defined. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the magnitude of RV dysfunction by means of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to investigate whether STE could be used as an index of RV improvement after a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program. METHODS: Forty-six patients with COPD undergoing PR program and 32 age-sex matched healthy subjects were enrolled. RV function was evaluated at admission and after PR program by conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) and STE. In addition, exercise tolerance of subjects was evaluated using the six-minute walk test (6MWT). RESULTS: COPD patients had worse RV function according to STE and 2DE as well. STE was more sensitive than conventional 2DE in determining RV improvement after PR program - RV global longitudinal strain (LS): 20.4 ± 2.4% vs. 21.9 ± 2.9% p < 0.001 and RV free wall LS: 18.1 ± 3.4% vs. 22.9 ± 3.7%, p < 0.001). RV free wall LS was directly related to distance walked at baseline 6MWT (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) and to the change in the 6MWT distance (6MWTD ∆) (r = 0.41, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that STE might be as effective as 2DE for evaluation of global and regional RV functions. STE may become an important tool for assessment and follow-up of COPD patients undergoing PR program to determine the relationship between RV function and exercise tolerance.
