ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) impairs metabolic, cardiovascular, and pulmonary functions in human metabolism, and wearing face masks is recommended for the prevention of contracting or exposing others to cardio-respiratory infections. Since the effect of wearing a surgical face mask (SFM) on cardiopulmonary exercise capacity has not been systematically reported we aimed to determine the effects of wearing SFM during an incremental walking test on metabolic, cardiovascular, and pulmonary gas exchange responses in sedentary individuals. METHODS: The evaluations were performed using a repeated measures study design. Seven sedentary males (age: 40 years, height: 178 cm, weight: 88 kg, BMI: 28 kg/m2, VO
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Masks , Adult , Exercise/physiology , Exercise Test/methods , Female , Humans , Lung , Male , Oxygen , Oxygen Consumption/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Weight loss practice before competitions is a common method in weight sports. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to monitor Plasma Osmolarity (POsm), skeletal muscle damage and inflammation levels induced by pre-competition dehydration among elite wrestlers. METHODS: Twenty-four male elite wrestlers participated in the study. A survey information form that assessed pre-competition weight loss practices were administered to the wrestlers. Additionally, Total Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), C-reactive Protein (C-RP) and POsm, analyses were evaluated by a specialist at the biochemical laboratory. POsm level for euhydration is ⩽ 290 mOsm/L. But if POsm level is > 290, then dehydration occurs. The wrestlers were divided into two groups according to POsm levels as weight loss and non-weight loss group. RESULTS: There were differences in the pre and post-test POsm levels of weight loss group. Similarly; it was identified that there were also statistically significant differences in terms of ALT, LDH and CK levels of weight loss group between pre and post-test. CONCLUSIONS: It was seen that POsm and levels of all indicators of skeletal muscle damage were higher than non-weight loss group. However, it was found that there were not any differences in terms of C-RP levels.
Subject(s)
Dehydration/physiopathology , Inflammation/physiopathology , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Wrestling/physiology , Adolescent , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Body Weight/physiology , Creatine Kinase/blood , Dehydration/blood , Humans , Inflammation/blood , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Male , Weight Loss , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the rate of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin producing Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin (mecA) and slime (icaA/icaD) genes in staphylococcal strains isolated from nasal cavities of footballers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nasal swab samples were taken from each footballers and a healthy control group for the isolation of staphylococcal strains. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to determine Panton-Valentine Leukocidin, mecA and icaA/icaD genes in staphylococcal isolates. RESULTS: Among 91 S. aureus strains, the presence of mecA gene was detected as 9.9%. This ratio was 17.9% (27 of 151) among the coagulase-negative staphylococci. A significant difference was found between coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus isolates regarding the presence of mecA gene (P < 0.001). As for the genes of the slime, icaA/icaD genes were detected in 198 of 242 (81.8%) strains. The occurrence of slime genes was 91.2% and 89.4% among the S. aureus coagulase and negative staphylococci, respectively (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the frequency of the mecA and slime genes when compared with the healthy control group and the football players (P < 0.01). Of 91 isolates, 22 were found to be methicillin resistant by the oxacillin disc diffusion method, whereas the remaining (220) were methicillin susceptible. Methicillin resistance was detected as 14.9% by the polymerase chain reaction method, whereas it was found as 9.1% by phenotypic methods. CONCLUSIONS: Early and accurate diagnosis of virulent staphylococcal strains is crucial because the virulent coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococcal strains in the nasal floras of footballers may be major potential sources of superficial and deep tissue infections.