Airfoil aerodynamic performance prediction using machine learning and surrogate modeling.

In recent times, machine learning algorithms have gained significant traction in addressing aerodynamic challenges. These algorithms prove invaluable for predicting the aerodynamic performance, specifically the Lift-to-Drag ratio of airfoil datasets, when the dataset is sufficiently large and diverse. In this paper, we delve into an exploration of five machine learning algorithms: Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Regression, Decision Tree Regressor, AdaBoost Algorithm, and Linear Regression. These algorithms are scrutinized within the context of various train/test ratios to predict a crucial aerodynamic performance metric-the lift-to-drag ratio-for different angle of attack values. Our evaluation encompasses an array of metrics including R2, Mean Square Error, Training time, and Evaluation time. Upon analysis, the Random Forest Method, with a train/test ratio of 0.2, emerges as the frontrunner, showcasing superior predictive performance when compared to its counterparts. Conversely, the Linear Regression algorithm distinguishes itself by excelling in training and evaluation times among the algorithms under scrutiny.

The correlation between direction and amount of retrusive movement and condyle position and joint space.

OBJECTIVE: The direction and amount of retrusive movement may be correlated with the amount of joint space and the maximum intercuspal position of the condyle. The aim of this study was to identify any such correlation using an ultrasonic jaw motion analyzer and digital volumetric tomographic (DVT) scans. METHODS: Thirty-five dental students were selected as subjects. DVT scans were obtained using a next-generation i-CAT CBCT unit, and the direction and amount of retrusive movement were measured with a 3-D analyzer. RESULTS: Spearman Rho correlation tests showed no correlation between the amount of retrusive movement and the condyle position and joint space on either the right or left side. DISCUSSION: There is sufficient reason to suggest that retrusive movement of the condyle does not occur in isolation but is influenced by glenoid fossa bone morphology.

Distraction of the temporomandibular joint condyle in patients with unilateral non-reducing disc displacement: Fact or fiction?

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the distractive effect of a unilateral pivot splint on patients with unilateral disc displacement without reduction. METHODS: The study group was comprised of 18 patients who had no history of treatment with removable prosthetic restorations of molars, premolars, or canine teeth, and no previous treatment for temporomandibular disorder. Joint spaces measurements made on magnetic resonance images indicated the affected side to be narrower than the healthy side. Unilateral distraction splints were made for all patients. An ultrasonic motion analyzer was used to measure the vertical shift occurring on the affected side as patients closed their mouths with maximal force with the splint in their mouths. RESULTS: Closing with maximal force on the unilateral distraction splint led to a noticeable downward movement of the affected condyle. DISCUSSION: The findings of this study indicate that the TMJ condyle of patients with unilateral disc displacement without reduction may be unilaterally distracted if the articular space is narrowed.

The evaluation of the validity of Alvarado, Eskelinen, Lintula and Ohmann scoring systems in diagnosing acute appendicitis in children.

PURPOSE: To show whether Alvarado, Eskelinen, Lintula and Ohmann scoring systems have predictive values in diagnosing acute appendicitis in children. METHODS: Sixty patients with suspected acute appendicitis were prospectively evaluated. Alvarado, Eskelinen, Lintula and Ohmann scores were calculated separately for each patient at the time of admission. The specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of the scores were calculated. The predictive value of the scores was evaluated with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the consistency among the scores by Kappa test. RESULTS: Twenty of the patients were female (33.3 %). The mean age of the patients was 9.9 years (3-16 years). Forty two patients were operated and appendectomies were performed with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The area under the ROC curve showed that the scores had no predictive value in diagnosing acute appendicitis. Kappa test showed that agreement between the scores was not good. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity and specificity of the four scoring systems were not sufficient enough in diagnosing acute appendicitis in our patient group. We concluded that the most important factor affecting the decision for surgery in suspected acute appendicitis is the surgeon's experience combined with physical findings of repeated clinical examinations.

Intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy in childhood lymphangioma.

This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy (IBS) in children with lymphangioma and to determine the incidence of complications in the treatment. Seventeen lymphangioma cases were treated with IBS from 2004 to 2012. Age, mode of presentation, locations and types of lesions, and results of treatment were studied. Lymphangioma was diagnosed by physical examination and imaging studies. Most of the lesions were located in the cervical region (n=8) and of macrocystic type (n=13). After the first injection, three patients were lost to follow-up. Good response was seen in 50% of the lesions, complete resolution in 35.7%, and poor response in 14.3%. No serious complications or side effects were observed after IBS. The average follow-up was 18.5 months. IBS is effective in the treatment of lymphangioma. Although no major adverse effects have been encountered, complications should be kept in mind and in the event of their occurrence be treated immediately.

Management of epididymal cysts in childhood.

BACKGROUND: A retrospective review was carried out to evaluate the clinical presentation of children with epididymal cysts (EC) and outcome of management at our institution. METHODS: There were 49 patients with EC in this series. The diagnosis of EC was made by physical examination and confirmed by ultrasound (US). RESULTS: The average age at presentation was 10.7 years (2 months-16 years). Scrotal mass (n: 22) and pain (n: 21) were the most frequent symptoms. Seven patients were lost to follow-up. The cysts were solitary in 32 patients and multiple in 10 patients. The mean value of cysts was 6.7 mm (2-20 mm). The cyst localisations were 22 in left, 16 in right, and bilateral in 4 patients. Complete involution of cysts was detected in 14 children. The average involution time was 11.2 months (1-37 months). In 20 cases, a decrease in cyst size was found. Cyst excision was performed in 8 patients with persistent scrotal pain or no cyst involution observed during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Conservative management of epididymal cysts is practical. However, surgical excision is recommended in patients with intractable scrotal pain or if the cyst size does not seem to involute.

Treatment of acute scrotum in children: 5 years' experience.

BACKGROUND: A retrospective review was carried out to determine the incidence of various causes and outcome of management in patients with acute scrotum. METHODS: Fifty children had a diagnosis of acute scrotum between 1st January 2007 and 15th May 2012. Age, mode of presentation, associated anomalies, and results of treatment were studied. Diagnosis of acute scrotum was confirmed by physical examination, Doppler ultrasound and biochemical investigations. RESULTS: Clinical presentation consisted of sudden swelling and pain in the inguinoscrotal region. The average age was 7.5 years (2 months-14 years). Causes of acute scrotum were orchitis/epididymo-orchitis (O /EO) in 22, strangulated inguinal hernia (SIH) in 16, testicular torsion (TT) in 11, and torsion of testicular appendage (TTA) in 1. Associated urological anomalies were found in 5 patients with O /EO. Medical treatment was applied to patients with O /EO, and surgical treatment was performed in patients with SIH, TT and TTA. CONCLUSION: In this series, O /EO was found to rank first as the cause of acute scrotum. Immediate surgical treatment in acute scrotum patients, except those with O /EO, is necessary. Associated urological anomalies should be investigated in patients with O /EO.

A new variation of urethral duplication.

Urethral duplication is a rare congenital anomaly. This case study intends to define a new anatomic variation of an accessory urethra. The case is a 5-year-old boy who presented with dorsal chordee requiring operative intervention. At surgery, an accessory urethra on the dorsum of the penis was detected. It was observed that the distal part of the accessory urethra had no external opening and the proximal part had no connection with the native urethra. The accessory urethra was completely excised without complication. To our knowledge, this type of accessory urethra is the first reported case in the English literature.

Torsion of an epididymal cyst: a case report and review of the literature.

Torsion of an epididymal cyst (EC) on its pedicle is an extremely rare condition that resembles acute testicular torsion. Herein, a boy with EC torsion managed surgically is presented and discussed in light of the relevant literature. The presented child is probably the fourth case of pediatric EC torsion, and to our knowledge, the first report of a child who was known to have EC and was followed conservatively until the occurrence of EC torsion.