ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Acute localized exanthematous pustulosis (ALEP), a localized variant of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, is characterized by pin-sized, non-follicular, sterile pustules that typically appear on the face, neck, and chest. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this report is to describe a case of ALEP in an 11-year-old girl because of cefixime and the etiological factors and clinical presentation of ALEP in pediatric group. METHODS: We described a case of ALEP in an 11-year-old girl because of cefixime; a systematic review of the literature was performed to identify the etiological factors and clinical presentation of ALEP in children. RESULTS: We identified eight pediatric cases with ALEP. The causative agent was an herbal product in six cases, and pustular eruption was located on the face. In two cases, responsible agents were drugs (lamotrigine and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid). The eruptions were localized on the penis and extremities, respectively. CONCLUSION: ALEP is very rare in the pediatric age group, and topical/systemic drugs or herbal products may be involved in the etiology.
Subject(s)
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis , Exanthema , Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis/diagnosis , Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis/etiology , Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Cefixime/adverse effects , Child , Exanthema/complications , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is increasingly used for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Although skin reactions to IVIg therapy are usually minor, rare, and not life-threatening, dermatologists need to recognize the nature of these adverse reactions. We describe a 33-year-old man suffering from demyelinating polyneuropathy who developed dyshidrotic eczema on the palms and flaky grayish-white scales on an erythematous base on his face after the administration of IVIg.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Seborrheic , Eczema, Dyshidrotic , Eczema , Exanthema , Adult , Eczema/chemically induced , Eczema/diagnosis , Eczema/therapy , Eczema, Dyshidrotic/chemically induced , Eczema, Dyshidrotic/diagnosis , Humans , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/adverse effects , MaleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Data point to the importance of oxidative stress in rosacea. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have substantial roles in a wide variety of oxidative stress-related conditions. AIM: To evaluate the immunohistochemical staining characteristics of GST alpha (GSTA), mu (GSTM), pi (GSTP), and theta (GSTT) in patients with rosacea. PATIENTS/METHODS: The study included 23 women and 7 men with rosacea (mean ± SD age 49 ± 11 year) and 15 healthy control subjects (10 women, 5 men; mean ± SD age 47.86 ± 10.88 year). For each patient, the average disease duration, disease subtype, ocular involvement, and severity score were recorded. A 3-mm punch biopsy was taken from the facial skin of each patient and control. Expression of GST isoenzymes was analyzed immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Expressions of GSTM1, GSTP1, and GSTT1 were significantly elevated in patients with rosacea compared to those in the control group (P = .0001, P = .0002, P < .0001, respectively). In the rosacea group, GSTT1 expression was significantly stronger than GSTP1 and GSTA1 expressions (P = .019, P < .0001, respectively). There were no significant associations between expressions of GST isoenzymes and gender, age, average duration of illness, disease subtype, ocular involvement, or severity score in the patient group (all P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: In rosacea, the significant increase of GSTT1, GSTP1, and GSTM1 expressions might result from activation of GST as an outcome of extreme free radical generation from triggered neutrophils or ultraviolet vulnerability. These findings support the relevance of oxidant stress in the pathogenesis of rosacea.
