ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Cydonia oblonga Miller (COM) total flavonoids (TF) from leaves and fruit on the blood lipid and antioxidant potentials using hyperlipidaemic rat models. METHODS: Hyperlipidaemic rat models were created with high-lipid emulsion. Rats were distributed into normal controls, hyperlipidaemic models, and daily high (160mg/kg), medium (80mg/kg) and low (40mg/kg) TF from leaves and fruit and simvastatin (5mg/kg) groups. After four weeks, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), as well as hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. RESULTS: Compared with the hyperlipidaemic model group, TF significantly reduced serum TC, TG, LDL-C (P<0.01), ALT and AST (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and increased HDL-C (P<0.05 or P<0.01). TF also reduced MDA (P<0.01 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: COM total flavonoids can effectively regulate the metabolism of lipids, and remove oxygen free radicals. This confirms its potential value in the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidaemia.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Fruit/chemistry , Hyperlipidemias/drug therapy , Lipids/blood , Phytotherapy , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Rosaceae/chemistry , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Cholesterol/blood , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/therapeutic use , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Hyperlipidemias/metabolism , Liver/drug effects , Liver/metabolism , Male , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats , Simvastatin/pharmacology , Simvastatin/therapeutic use , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-hypertensive effect of total flavonoids of Cydonia oblonga leaves in spontaneously hypertensive rats, then to preliminarily investigate the mechanism of action based on anti-inflammatory function. METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into six groups as spontaneously hypertensive control group (SHR), captopril group (25 mg/kg), Eucommia ulmoides group (30 mg/kg), total flavonoids of Cydonia oblonga leaves low (40 mg/kg), middle (80 mg/kg) and high dose (160 mg/kg) groups. Eight Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were given distilled water as the control. The drugs were given by intragastric administration for 16 weeks, then the contents of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and CRP in rats serum were detected. The weight and the blood pressure of rats were measured at 0 min and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 weeks after drug administrated. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the contents of IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α and CRP were increased and IL-10 was decreased; Compared with SHR group, the contents of IL-1ß,IL-6, TNF-α and CRP were decreased in total flavonoids of Cydonia oblonga leaves groups. CONCLUSION: Total flavonoids of Cydonia oblonga leaves show an anti-hypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats and the mechanism is related to the function of anti-inflammatory.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Hypertension/drug therapy , Rosaceae/chemistry , Animals , Blood Pressure , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Captopril/pharmacology , Cytokines/blood , Eucommiaceae/chemistry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Inbred SHR , Rats, Inbred WKYABSTRACT
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cydonia oblonga Mill. (COM) is used in traditional Uyghur medicine to treat or prevent cardiovascular disease. In a previous study COM leaf extracts were found to be active in renal hypertensive rats (RHR). The present study tests the dose-dependence of the effect of ethanol leaf extracts on hypertension and on biomarkers associated with blood pressure control, such as angiotensin-II (AII), plasma renin activity (PRA), apelin-12 (A), endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO), compared to captopril. METHODS: Two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt model rats were divided randomly into six groups: sham, model, captopril 25 mg/kg, COM leaf extract 80, 160 and 320 mg/kg (n=10 each). Drugs were administered orally daily for eight weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured before treatment and every 2 weeks. Blood and kidney samples were collected after the last treatment to measure AII, PRA, A, ET and NO. RESULTS: RHR had increased blood pressure, AII, A, PRA, ET and decreased NO. Treatment with captopril reduced blood pressure, AII, A, PRA, and ET, though not quite to normal values. COM leaf extracts significantly and dose-dependently reduced blood pressure, AII, A, RA and ET, whereas NO was increased. The highest dose of COM had the same effects as captopril. CONCLUSION: The effects of COM extracts on blood pressure and biomarkers were dose-dependent and at the highest dose similar to those of captopril. This suggests an action of COM on the renin-angiotensin system, which could explain its antihypertensive effect.
