ABSTRACT
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important factor in the development of skin photodamage after ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. A flavonoid antioxidant, baicalin, can selectively neutralize super-oxide anion (O(2)(-)) while having no significant effect on (â¢)OH. Fibroblasts are a key component of skin dermis. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of baicalin on human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) under UVA induced oxidative stress. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were used to assay the intracellular O(2)(-), NO, ROS concentrations and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Cell viability was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The concentrations of cellular MDA, SOD, GSH, T-AOC, and 8-oxo-dG were also measured. Cellular apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and caspase-3 detection. The results revealed that UVA radiation could cause oxidative stress and apoptosis in HSFs. Interestingly, the use of baicalin after UVA radiation significantly reduced the level of intracellular O(2)(-), NO, and ROS, stabilized the mitochondrial membrane potential, and attenuated production of MDA and 8-oxo-dG. These efficiently enhanced the antioxidative defense system and protected the HSFs from subsequent oxidative stress damage and apoptosis. In other words, baicalin decreased the excessive generation of intracellular ROS and NO, and elevated the cellular antioxidative defense, which eventually mitigate the UVA-induced apoptosis. Based on our results, baicalin may have applications in the treatment of skin photodamage caused by UVA irradiation.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Flavonoids/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Skin/drug effects , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects , 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine , Blotting, Western , Caspase 3/metabolism , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , DNA Damage/drug effects , Deoxyguanosine/analogs & derivatives , Deoxyguanosine/metabolism , Fibroblasts/pathology , Fibroblasts/radiation effects , Flow Cytometry , Glutathione/metabolism , Humans , Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Skin/pathology , Skin/radiation effectsABSTRACT
Th17 lymphocytes have been recently identified as a novel subset of CD4+ cells. It has been defined that IL-17, the main product of Th17, plays an important role in immunity against parasitic infection. There is a two-way influence between Th17 and cytokine network: on one hand Th17 consummate cytokine network, on the other hand many cytokines regulate Th17's activity in parasitic infection. In the anti-parasitic infection process, Th17 cells protect host or promote inflammation, even cause immune pathogenesis in different cases, which comprise host's immune state, the burden of parasitic infection, as well as the treatment.
