Efficacy of physical exercise intervention on children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during treatment and rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the impact of physical exercise intervention on children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during the treatment and rehabilitation consolidation periods. METHOD: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI, and Cochrane databases, with a search time range from database establishment to September 1, 2023. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane risk assessment tool, and a systematic evaluation was conducted using RevMan 5.4. The study has been registered with INPLASY (registration number: 202390100). RESULT: A total of 12 RCTs including 423 subjects was included. The meta-analysis results showed that long-term exercise intervention can effectively improve the endurance performance (SMD = 1.37, 95% CI 0.45 to 2.29, p = 0.004), functional mobility (MD = - 1.17, 95% CI - 1.85 to - 0.49, p = 0.0008), cancer-related fatigue (CRF) (MD = - 1.25, 95% CI - 1.69 to - 0.80, p < 0.00001), and quality of life (QOL) (MD = 4.93, 95% CI 1.80 to 8.05, p = 0.002) of ALL children during the treatment and rehabilitation consolidation periods. Its promoting effect on the muscle strength (SMD = 0.53, 95% CI - 0.33 to 1.39, p = 0.23) and bone mineral density (BMD) (SMD = 0.48, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.77, p = 0.05) of the subjects was not significant. Further meta-analysis showed that exercise intervention with a duration of less than 1 year (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.28, p < 0.00001) rather than more than 1 year (SMD = - 0.16, 95% CI - 0.61 to 0.29, p = 0.49) can effectively reduce subject BMD, while in terms of strength, exercise intervention can effectively improve strength during the treatment period (SMD = 0.97, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.54, p = 0.0008) rather than the consolidation period (SMD = - 0.27, 95% CI - 1.08 to 0.53, p = 0.51). CONCLUSION: Long-term regular exercise can effectively improve the endurance, functional mobility, CRF, and QOL of children with ALL in the rehabilitation and treatment consolidation stages. Their strength and BMD may be influenced by the timing of treatment and the intervention cycle, respectively. Considering the limited number of included literature and the instability of some outcome indicators, it is necessary to design more comprehensive and rigorous high-quality RCTs in the future to test the exercise efficacy of ALL children.

Cross-cultural differences in retracted publications of male and female from a global perspective.

The aim of this paper is threefold: (i) to identify the combinations of national culture dimensions that lead to high (or low) male or female retracted publications, (ii) to understand the role of personal trust as a relevant condition that combines with national culture dimensions to cause high (or low) male or female retraction, and (iii) to identify the differences in the configurations that lead to those outcomes. Based on framework of Hofstede's cross-cultural analysis and data from Hofstede Center, World Value, and Web of Science, this essay analyzes cultural complex causal relations between national culture and trust dimensions (conditions), and male and female retracted publications (outcomes) in 30 countries nationally and globally by fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. This research provides three major insights: (i) Cultural dimensions (power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term orientation) and trust are not necessary conditions for both male and female to cause retractions, (ii) different levels of personal trust (high/low) combine with national cultural dimensions in order to produce different configurations that can lead to high or low retractions, and (iii) Each gender causes retractions in a similar or identical way, but each also owns its unique way. Finally, we provide effective policy recommendations to specific countries based on our critical conclusions and discussions.

Pressure Attenuation Law of Low-Frequency Pulse Pressure Flooding and Its Influence on Oil Recovery.

Pulse water injection is widely used in tertiary oil recovery. This study aims to reduce the pulse frequency, control the pulse frequency at 0.033∼0.1 Hz, simulate the pressure change in the formation at 0.1 Hz and 100 mD through COMSOL, and combine the core displacement experiment to determine the frequency. The effect of permeability change on the recovery factor of the water cut agent is summarized as follows: when the pulse frequency is 0.033∼0.066 Hz, the recovery factor of 100, 300, and 500 mD increases by 0.25, 0.34, and 0.39 percentage points, respectively, and these data can be of low frequency. The method proposed in this paper can provide certain theoretical basis and basic experimental data for tertiary oil recovery.