ABSTRACT
In this study, a new disomic addition line, 12-5-2, with 44 chromosomes that was derived from BC3F2 descendants of the hybridization between Triticum aestivum cv. CN19 and Aegilops biuncialis was created and reported. 12-5-2 was immune to both powdery mildew and stripe rust and has stable fertility. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and C-banding revealed that 12-5-2 was a 1U(b) disomic addition line (ADL1U(b)). The seed storage protein electrophoresis showed that 12-5-2 presented all high molecular weight glutenin subunits (7 + 8 and 2 + 12) of CN19 and 2 new subunits that were designated Ux and Uy. Additionally, the flour quality parameters showed that the protein content, Zeleny sedimentation value, wet gluten content, and grain hardness of 12-5-2 were significantly higher than those of its parent CN19. Moreover, 5 pairs of the chromosome 1U(b)-specific polymerase chain reaction-based landmark unique gene markers, TNAC1021, TNAC1041, TNAC1071, TNAC1-01, and TNAC1-04, were also obtained. The new ADL1U(b) 12-5-2 could be a valuable source for wheat improvement, especially for wheat end-product quality and resistance to disease.
Subject(s)
Chromosomes, Plant/genetics , Glutens/genetics , Triticum/genetics , Edible Grain/genetics , Glutens/metabolism , Humans , Hybridization, Genetic , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Protein Subunits/geneticsABSTRACT
Cinnamic acid, a naturally occurring aromatic fatty acid of low toxicity, has a long history of human exposure. We now show that cinnamic acid induces cytostasis and a reversal of malignant properties of human tumor cells in vitro. The concentration causing a 50% reduction of cell proliferation (IC50) ranged from 1 to 4.5 mM in glioblastoma, melanoma, prostate and lung carcinoma cells. Using melanoma cells as a model, we found that cinnamic acid induces cell differentiation as evidenced by morphological changes and increased melanin production. Moreover, treated cells had reduced invasive capacity associated with modulation of expression of genes implicated in tumor metastasis (collagenase type IV, and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 2) and immunogenicity (HLA-A3, class-I major histocompatibility antigen). Further molecular analysis indicated that the anti-tumor activity of cinnamic acid may be due in part to the inhibition of protein isoprenylation known to block mitogenic signal transduction. The results presented here identify cinnamic acid as a new member of the aromatic fatty acid class of differentiation-inducers with potential use in cancer intervention.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cinnamates/pharmacology , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cell Division/drug effects , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Gene Expression/drug effects , Glioblastoma/drug therapy , Glioblastoma/metabolism , Glioblastoma/pathology , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Melanoma/drug therapy , Melanoma/metabolism , Melanoma/pathology , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism , Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , Pigmentation/drug effects , Protein Prenylation/drug effects , Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effectsABSTRACT
After nitrite treatment, various kinds of pickled vegetables and sun-dried fishes produced in Japan showed direct-acting mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium TA100, inducing 1900-18000 revertants/g. Kimchis, sun-dried fishes, sun-dried squid, soy sauces, fish sauces, bean pastes and shrimp paste produced in Korea, the Philippines and Thailand also showed direct-acting mutagenicity after nitrite treatment. All soy sauces and fish sauces tested contained as much tyramine as 17-1020 micrograms/ml, but very low or undetectable amounts of (-)-(1S,3S)- and (-)-(1R,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acids.
