ABSTRACT
We observed whether the effect of tumor-associated macrophages on gastric cancer stem cell in omental milky spots and lymph nodes micrometastasis and research its possible mechanism. Macrophage THP-1 cells and Human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 cells were collectively cultivated in vivo. We found macrophage could suppress the proliferation and accelerated cell death of MFC cell. Meanwhile, these effects may be concerned with many signaling pathways, and we detected MCP-1 and COX-2 miRNA expressions, PGE-2 release levels, IL-4 and IL-10 activities, and TGF-ß, IFN-γ, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expressions in collectively cultivated cell. We found that MCP-1 and COX-2 miRNA expressions, and PGE-2 release levels were suppressed, IL-4 activity was inhibited and IL-10 activity was activated in collectively cultivated cell. Meanwhile, TGF-ß, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expressions were inhibited and IFN-γ and VEGF protein expressions were activated in collectively cultivated cell. Taken together, these results suggest that the effect of tumor-associated macrophages on gastric cancer stem cell in omental milky spots and lymph nodes micrometastasis via COX-2/PGE-2/TGF-ß/VEGF signal pathways.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Macrophages/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism , Omentum/metabolism , Paracrine Communication , Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Cell Death , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Coculture Techniques , Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics , Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism , Dinoprostone/metabolism , Humans , Lymphatic Metastasis , Macrophages/pathology , Neoplasm Micrometastasis , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Omentum/pathology , Signal Transduction , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Time Factors , Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) in the digestive system. METHODS: Clinical data of 29 patients with NEN from January 2000 to December 2012 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University were analyzed retrospectively and the prognosis was evaluated according to the new WHO classification. RESULTS: There were 19 males and 10 females and the average age was 46.5 years. All the patients had no clinical manifestations of carcinoid syndrome, and they all received surgical treatment. Two cases were gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC), who received radical total gastrectomy and distal gastric resection respectively. Three cases had neoplasm in the duodenum, including 2 NEC and 1 neuroendocrine tumor(NET), and they all underwent Whipple's procedure. Two cases were small intestine NEC, who received partial small intestine resection. Three cases had neoplasm in the appendix, including 1 NEC treated with right hemicolectomy and 2 NET with appendectomy. One case was ascending colon NEC, who received right hemicolectomy. Eighteen cases had neoplasm in the rectum, including 4 NEC treated with low anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection respectively, and 14 cases of NET underwent low anterior resection, local resection, and endoscopic resection respectively. The 1- and 3- year survival rates of 13 NEC cases were 38.4% and 7.7% respectively. The 5-year survival rate of 16 NET cases was 81.3%. CONCLUSIONS: NEN of digestive system is located mainly in the rectum and the clinical symptom is unspecific. Radical resection of NEN is the preferred treatment. The prognosis of NEC is poor, and that of NET is better.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Neuroendocrine Tumors/diagnosis , Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Female , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neuroendocrine Tumors/surgery , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Survival RateABSTRACT
Darier's disease (DD, MIM 124200) is an autosomal dominant inherited skin disease. Mutations in the ATP2A2 gene, which encoded the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) -ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2), are responsible for this skin disorder. Here we report the clinical, genetic, and molecular characterization of a large Chinese family with DD. We identified mutation c.632G>A (p.G211D) in the ATP2A2 gene in this family. Genotype-phenotype correlation in available family members provided helpful genetic counseling information for mutation carriers.
