Crystal structure and fluorescence study of (µ-N-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl-idene]-N-{4-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl-idene-aza-nium-yl]phen-yl}aza-nium)bis-[di-fluorido-boron(IV)].

The title mol-ecule, C20H20B2F4N4, assumes a planar conformation with all atoms apart from the F atoms lying on the symmetry plane. Each boron atom is four-coordinated by two fluorine atoms, a pyrrole N atom and an imine N atom. Both imine CH=N groups adopt a trans conformation. In the crystal, the mol-ecules self-assemble into a pillar structure through C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds and π-π inter-actions. The UV-vis spectrum and fluorescence spectra of the title compound are also reported.

Analgesic Mechanism of Sinomenine against Chronic Pain.

Purified from the roots of the plant Sinomenium acutum, sinomenine is traditionally used in China and Japan for treating rheumatism and arthritis. Previously, we have demonstrated that sinomenine possessed a broad analgesic spectrum in various chronic pain animal models and repeated administration of sinomenine did not generate tolerance. In this review article, we discussed sinomenine's analgesic mechanism with focus on its role on immune regulation and neuroimmune interaction. Sinomenine has distinct immunoregulative properties, in which glutamate, adenosine triphosphate, nitric oxide, and proinflammatory cytokines are thought to be involved. Sinomenine may alter the unbalanced neuroimmune interaction and inhibit neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and central sensitization in chronic pain states. In conclusion, sinomenine has promising potential for chronic pain management in different clinical settings.

Antinociceptive Effects of Sinomenine Combined With Ligustrazine or Paracetamol in Animal Models of Incisional and Inflammatory Pain.

The management of postoperative and inflammatory pain has been a pressing challenge in clinical settings. Sinomenine (SN) is a morphinan derived alkaloid with remarkable analgesic properties in various kinds of pain models. The aim of the current study is to investigate if SN can enhance the effect of ligustrazine hydrochloride (LGZ) or paracetamol (PCM) in animal models of postoperative and inflammatory pain. And to determine if the combined therapeutic efficacies can be explained by pharmacokinetics changes. Pharmacological studies were performed using a rat model of incisional pain, and a mouse model of carrageenan induced inflammatory pain. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed using a microdialysis sampling and HPLC-MS/MS assay method to quantify SN, LGZ, and PCM levels in blood and extracellular fluid in brain. We found that SN plus LGZ or SN plus PCM produced marked synergistic analgesic effects. However, such synergy was subjected to pain modalities, and differed among pain models. Pharmacological discoveries could be partially linked to pharmacokinetic alterations in SN combinations. Though further evaluation is needed, our findings advocate the potential benefits of SN plus LGZ for postoperative pain management, and SN plus PCM for controlling inflammatory pain.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of dibutyl 5,5'-(pentane-3,3-diyl)bis(1H-pyrrole-5-carboxylate).

The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, C23H34N2O4, has C2 symmetry. In the crystal, inter-locked dimers are formed through quadruple N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between pyrrole N-H groups and carbonyl O atoms.

Crystal structure of 2-{5-[2-(2-hy-droxy-phen-yl)diazen-1-yl]-1-methyl-pyrrol-2-yl}phenol methanol monosolvate.

In the title azo-pyrrole compound, C17H15N3O2·CH3OH, the azo N=N bond adopts a trans configuration and the pyrrole N and azo group are in an anti orientation. The dihedral angles between the pyrrole ring and the two phenyl rings are 6.7 (3) and 54.7 (3)°. In the crystal, a supra-molecular ring structure is formed between two azo-pyrrole and two methanol solvent mol-ecules through four O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The Predictive Value of Suprasellar Extension for Visual Function Evaluation in Chinese Patients with Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma with Optic Chiasm Compression.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the quantitative relationship between suprasellar extension (SSE) and visual function impairment in Chinese patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) with optic chiasm compression. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 117 patients with NFPA and optic chiasm compression treated at our hospital between January 2013 and December 2016. The quantitative relationships between SSE detected on sagittal and coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sections and visual function, including visual acuity (VA) and visual fields (VFs), were analyzed. The cutoff value of SSE to predict a VF defect (VFD) was calculated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. The mean deviation (MD) value was used to quantitatively analyze the VFs, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to investigate risk factors of VFD. RESULTS: Among 117 patients with NFPA, 77 (65.8%) had VFD, and the mean VA was 0.42 ± 0.38 logMAR. The cutoff value of the sagittal SSE was 14.0 mm, with 77.9% sensitivity and 80.0% specificity, and the cutoff value of the coronal SSE was 15.8 mm, with 81.8% sensitivity and 85.0% specificity. The values of SSE on 2 MRI sections were correlated with VA (P < 0.001) and the MD (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that SSE on sagittal views (P < 0.001), SSE on coronal views (P < 0.001), duration of the disease (P = 0.027), and apoplexy (P = 0.036) were related to the degree of VF damage. CONCLUSIONS: VFD in patients with NFPA with chiasm compression can be predicted by SSE on MRI. There is a linear correlation between SSE and the MD value.

Crystal structure of di-fluorido-{2-[(4-hy-droxy-phen-yl)diazen-yl]-3,5-di-methyl-pyrrolido}boron.

The asymmetric unit of the title azo-pyrrole-BF2 complex, C12H12BF2N3O, contains two independent mol-ecules, which are linked by an O-H⋯O hydrogen bond. The dimers are further assembled into a one-dimensional ladder-like structure through O-H⋯F hydrogen bonds and stabilized by π-π inter-actions. The ladders are further linked by C-H⋯π contacts.

Screening for AIP gene mutations in a Han Chinese pituitary adenoma cohort followed by LOH analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein gene (AIP) is associated with pituitary adenoma (PA). AIP has not been sequenced in East Asian PA populations, so we performed this study in a Han Chinese cohort. DESIGN: Our study included six familial PA pedigrees comprising 16 patients and 27 unaffected relatives, as well as 216 sporadic PA (SPA) patients and 100 unrelated healthy controls. METHODS: AIP sequencing was carried out on genomic DNA isolated from blood samples. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and microsatellite marker analyses on DNA from the paired tumor tissues were performed for loss of heterozygosity analysis. RESULTS: We identified three common and four rare single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one intron insertion, one novel synonymous variant, four novel missense variants, and a reported nonsense mutation in three familial isolated PA (FIPA) cases from the same family. Large genetic deletions were not observed in the germline but were seen in the sporadic tumor DNA from three missense variant carriers. The prevalence of AIP pathogenic variants in PA patients here was low (3.88%), but was higher in somatotropinoma patients (9.30%), especially in young adults (≤30 years) and pediatric (≥18 years) paients (17.24% and 25.00% respectively). All AIP variant patients suffered from macroadenomas. However, the AIP mutation rate in FIPA families was low in this cohort (16.67%, 1/6 families). CONCLUSION: AIP gene mutation may not be frequent in FIPA or SPA from the Han Chinese population. AIP sequencing and long-term follow-up investigations should be performed for young patients with large PAs and their families with PA predisposition.

1,4,10,13-Tetra-oxa-7,16-diazo-nia-cyclo-octa-decane bis-(1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl-ate).

In the title salt, C12H28N2O4 (2+)·2C5H4NO2 (-), the 1,4,10,13-tetra-oxa-7,16-di-aza-cyclo-octa-decane dication possesses inversion symmetry. In the crystal, the pyrrole-carboxyl-ate anions are linked via pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers. These dimers are linked by the dications, via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [110].

Dichloridobis(4-pyridylmethyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl-ate-κN)zinc.

In the title mol-ecule, [ZnCl(2)(C(11)H(10)N(2)O(2))(2)], the Zn(II) ion, situated on a twofold axis, is in a distorted tetra-hedral coordination environment formed by two chloride anions and two pyridine N atoms of the two organic ligands. In the pyrrole-2-carboxyl-ate unit, the pyrrole N-H group and the carbonyl group point approximately in the same direction. The dihedral angle between the two pyridine rings is 54.8 (3)°. The complex mol-ecules are connected into chains extending along [101] by N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. The chains are further assembled into (-101) layers by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl inter-actions.

2-(4-Chloro-N-{2-[(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)carbon-yloxy]eth-yl}anilino)ethyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxyl-ate.

In the title mol-ecule, C(20)H(20)ClN(3)O(4), both the pyrrole N-H groups adopt a syn conformation with respect to the carbonyl groups. In the crystal, inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into layers parallel to (102).

meso-5,5'-Bis[(4-fluoro-phen-yl)diazen-yl]-2,2'-(pentane-3,3-di-yl)di-1H-pyrrole.

There are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(25)H(24)F(2)N(6), in which the N=N bonds adopt a trans configuration with distances in the range 1.262 (2)-1.269 (3) Å. The dihedral angles between heterocycles are 86.7 (2) and 85.6 (2)° in the two molecules while the dihedral angles between the heterocylic rings and the adjacent benzene rings are 13.4 (2) and 13.4 (2)° in one molecule and 5.3 (2) and 6.5 (2)° in the other. In the crystal, pairs of independent mol-ecules are held together by four N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming inter-locked dimers.

A simple yet highly selective colorimetric sensor for cyanide anion in an aqueous environment.

The nucleophilic nature of cyanide is used to create a simple, sensitive, and highly effective sensor, 2-(trifluoroacetylamino)anthraquinone (2-TFAQ), for the easy "naked-eye" detection of very low concentrations of cyanide in an aqueous environment.

Imidazolium-based macrocycles as multisignaling chemosensors for anions.

A series of structurally novel anion receptors , , and in which a ferrocene unit and a fluorescent moiety are linked to two imidazolium rings have been designed and prepared from 1,1'-bis(imidazolylmethyl)ferrocene. Their crystal structures revealed that these receptors are capable of incorporating anions such as PF(6)(-) and Br(-). Consequently, the anion binding studies were carried out using various techniques including electrochemistry (CV and OSWV), fluorescence, UV-vis, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. All the receptors showed a special electrochemical response to the F(-) anion with a remarkable cathodic shift of more than 260 mV and displayed a unique selectivity for F(-) and AcO(-) anions with fluorescence enhancement over various other anions of present interest (Cl(-), Br(-), I(-), HSO(4)(-), H(2)PO(4)(-)). In addition, for receptor , obvious absorption changes were observed when the H(2)PO(4)(-) anion was added while other anions (F(-), Cl(-), Br(-), I(-), AcO(-), HSO(4)(-)) showed only a minor influence on the UV-vis spectra. (1)H NMR titrations demonstrated that receptors and can bind anions through (C-H)(+)X(-) hydrogen bonds and showed strong affinity and high selectivity for the AcO(-) anion in acetonitrile.

Hydrogen bond assisted helical self-assembly into [n]catenane.

A [n]catenane supramolecular structure has been constructed by combination of metal-directed self-assembly with interligand hydrogen bonds which were confirmed by H NMR and DFT calculation.

The first observation of nitrogen-carbonyl bonding: self-assembly of N-oxalyl 2,4-dinitroanilide assisted by a weak N...O=C interaction.

A new type of weak bond, i.e., the N...O=C interaction, that determines the crystal packing of N-oxalyl 2,4-dinitroanilide (1) in cooperation with C-H...O hydrogen bonds, has been found and is rationalized by ab initio calculations as being the result of electrostatic interactions.