Effects of multiple N, P, and K fertilizer combinations on adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) yield in a semi-arid region of northeastern China.

Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) exert various effects on adzuki bean yields. Our research was conducted in a semi-arid area, and four test sites were established in environments that have chernozem or sandy loam soils. During a five-year period, the effects of N, P, and K fertilizers on yield were comprehensively investigated in field trials (2014-2016) and for model-implementation trials (2017-2018), with models established prior to the latter. In the field trials, 23 treatments comprising different N, P, and K combinations significantly affected both yield and yield components, and regression analysis indicated that the experimental results were suitable for model establishment. The model subsequently demonstrated that the yield and the yield components were more sensitive to N and K fertilizer than to P fertilizer. Moreover, the yield and yield components increased. These yield increases were intense in response to the 0.5 to 1.34 levels in terms of the single effects; interaction effects; and the effects of combinations of N, P, and K fertilizers. Moreover, the effects of combinations of N, P, and K fertilizers were more significant on yield than were the single or interaction effects of N, P, and K fertilizers. The optimal fertilizer combination that resulted in high yields (≥1941.53 kg ha-1) comprised 57.23-68.43 kg ha-1 N, 36.04-47.32 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 50.29-61.27 kg ha-1 K2O. The fertilizer combination that resulted in the maximum yield was 62.98 kg ha-1 N, 47.04 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 59.95 kg ha-1 K2O (N:P2O5:K2O = 1:0.75:0.95), which produced the model-expected yield in trials at multiple sites. An economical fertilizer combination was determined on the basis of the best fertilizer measures in consideration of the cost of fertilizer and seed; this combination achieved yields of 2236.17 kg ha-1, the profit was 15,653.16 Yuan ha-1, and the corresponding rates were 57.60 kg ha-1 N, 47.03 kg ha-1 P2O5, and 31.64 kg ha-1 K2O (N:P2O5:K2O = 1:0.82:0.55).

[Isolation and identification of an antimicrobial endophytic actinomycete from Macleaya cordata].

OBJECTIVE: An antimicrobial endophytic actinomycete strain was isolated from the root of Macleaya cordata, and its phylogenetic position was also investigated. METHODS: Endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from the root of Macleaya cordata growing in Dabie Mountain by tablet coating method. Antimicrobial activities of endophytic actinomycetes were determined by the agar block method,and then a potential strain was identified by morphology, biochemical characterization and molecular methods. RESULTS: A total of 15 strains of endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from the samples, six of them had antimicrobial activity to the test strains which accounts for 40% of all strains. Among the six strains,the strain BL7 was found to produce antibiotic substances which showed significant inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis,with a formed inhibition zone of 29 mm and 20 mm respectively. Based on the morphology, biochemical characterization and 16S rDNA sequence analysis,the strain BL7 was preliminary identified as Streptomyces mobaraensis. CONCLUSION: Some members of Streptomyces genus have a very wide application prospect in medicine. This is the first report that Streptomyces mobaraensis strain was isolated from Macleaya cordata, and this study provides basis for the further exploration of the strain.