Research progress of ferroptosis regulating lipid peroxidation and metabolism in occurrence and development of primary liver cancer.

As a highly aggressive tumor, the pathophysiological mechanism of primary liver cancer has attracted much attention. In recent years, factors such as ferroptosis regulation, lipid peroxidation and metabolic abnormalities have emerged in the study of liver cancer, providing a new perspective for understanding the development of liver cancer. Ferroptosis regulation, lipid peroxidation and metabolic abnormalities play important roles in the occurrence and development of liver cancer. The regulation of ferroptosis is involved in apoptosis and necrosis, affecting cell survival and death. Lipid peroxidation promotes oxidative damage and promotes the invasion of liver cancer cells. Metabolic abnormalities, especially the disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, directly affect the proliferation and growth of liver cancer cells. Studies of ferroptosis regulation and lipid peroxidation may help to discover new therapeutic targets and improve therapeutic outcomes. The understanding of metabolic abnormalities can provide new ideas for the prevention of liver cancer, and reduce the risk of disease by adjusting the metabolic process. This review focuses on the key roles of ferroptosis regulation, lipid peroxidation and metabolic abnormalities in this process.

Ferroptosis regulating lipid peroxidation metabolism in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and its occurrence and development involve complex biological processes. Iron death, as a new cell death mode, has attracted wide attention in recent years. However, the regulatory mechanism of iron death in gastric cancer and its effect on lipid peroxidation metabolism remain unclear. AIM: To explore the role of iron death in the development of gastric cancer, reveal its relationship with lipid peroxidation, and provide a new theoretical basis for revealing the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. METHODS: The process of iron death in gastric cancer cells was simulated by cell culture model, and the occurrence of iron death was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The changes of gene expression related to iron death and lipid peroxidation metabolism were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. In addition, a mouse model of gastric cancer was established, and the role of iron death in vivo was studied by histology and immunohistochemistry, and the level of lipid peroxidation was detected. These methods comprehensively and deeply reveal the regulatory mechanism of iron death on lipid peroxidation metabolism in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. RESULTS: Iron death was significantly activated in gastric cancer cells, and at the same time, associated lipid peroxidation levels increased significantly. Through high-throughput sequencing analysis, it was found that iron death regulated the expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism. In vivo experiments demonstrated that increased iron death in gastric cancer mice was accompanied by a significant increase in lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the important role of iron death in regulating lipid peroxidation metabolism in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer. The activation of iron death significantly increased lipid peroxidation levels, revealing its regulatory mechanism inside the cell.

Advances in targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive in advanced gastric cancer.

Emerging therapeutic methods represented by targeted therapy are effective supplements to traditional first-line chemoradiotherapy resistance. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the most important targets in targeted therapy for gastric cancer. Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy has been used as the first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. The safety and efficacy of pertuzumab and margetuximab in the treatment of gastric cancer have been verified. However, monoclonal antibodies, due to their large molecular weight, inability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and drug resistance, lead to decreased therapeutic efficacy, so it is necessary to explore the efficacy of other HER2-targeting therapies in gastric cancer. Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as lapatinib and pyrrotinib, have the advantages of small molecular weight, penetrating the blood-brain barrier and high oral bioavailability, and are expected to become the drugs of choice for perioperative treatment and neoadjuvant therapy of gastric cancer after validation by large-scale clinical trials in the future. Antibo-drug conjugate, such as T-DM1 and T-DXd, can overcome the resistance of monoclonal antibodies despite their different mechanisms of tumor killing, and are a supplement for the treatment of patients who have failed the treatment of monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab. Therefore, after more detailed stratification of gastric cancer patients, various gastric cancer drugs targeting HER2 are expected to play a more significant role.

Guideline for the cognitive assessment and follow-up in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (2024 edition).

This practice guideline focuses on the cognitive assessment for mild cognitive impairment in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. To achieve the standardization and normalization of its clinical practice and generate individualized intervention, the National Core Cognitive Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, the Cognitive Disorders Branch of Chinese Geriatic Society, the Dementia Group of Neurology Branch of Guangdong Medical Association and specialists from Hong Kong and Macao developed guidelines based on China's actual conditions and efficiency, economic cost and accuracy. The article addresses the significance, background, and the process of the assessment and follow-up to realize the promotion and dissemination of cognitive assessment.

Modelling the public health benefits of fibre fortification in the Chinese population through food reformulation.

OBJECTIVES: Various studies have highlighted how consuming adequate dietary fibre (DF) foods could confer multiple potential health benefits to humans, though data suggested that the average intake of the population is below the recommendations. The aim of this study, which involved probabilistic, mathematical and statistical modelling, was to understand, for the first time, how fibre fortification in a broad array of food categories could impact the diet and health status of Chinese consumers. DESIGN: A simulation-based approach was used to examine the potential impact of fibre fortification. The China Health and Nutrition Survey dataset was used to evaluate intakes of DF together with a dietary intake mathematical model. Commercially manufactured foods and beverages eligible for fibre fortification were identified and a total of 296 food and beverages were selected for fibre fortification calculation. Foods and beverages eligible for fibre fortification and the concentration of fibre used at intervention were identified based on Chinese legislations and regulations of nutrition label claims. Populations who meet the dietary reference values of fibre fortification have their health outcomes such as weight, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes risk quantified prefibre and postfibre reformulation as per published studies. RESULTS: The simulated fibre fortification intervention model has shown that the mean DF intake increased by 13.28%, from 12.8 g/day of baseline to 14.5 g/day, leading to an increase of 48% (from 6.85% to 10.13%) and 54% (from 14.22% to 21.84%) of the adult and children population, respectively, achieving the recommended fibre guidelines. Additionally, 234 diabetes cases per day (85 340 cases per year) as well as 73 065 deaths secondary to CVD could also potentially be averted or delayed with the increase of DF intake via fibre fortification. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a practical application implicating the potential public health benefits that could be achieved with food product reformulation.

The role of handwriting in English word acquisition among elementary students.

In order to investigate whether handwriting has an advantage in learning word form, sound, and meaning, this study randomly selected 40 elementary school student participants (20 males, 20 females, aged 11.4 ± 1.34 years). Using an experimental approach, we compared the learning outcomes of word sound matching, word meaning matching, and word form judgment tasks under two conditions: handwriting and visual learning. After three consecutive days of learning and testing, we found that handwriting generally outperformed visual learning in terms of accuracy and response time in word form, sound, and meaning learning. Additionally, we observed differences in the timing of significant discrepancies in learning outcomes between the two methods across the three tasks. Specifically, in terms of accuracy, discrepancies first appeared in the word sound matching task on the first day, followed by the word form judgment task, and lastly the word meaning matching task. Regarding response time, significant differences between learning methods first emerged in the word form judgment task, followed by the word sound and word meaning tasks. Thus, combining accuracy and response time data, we conclude that handwriting is more advantageous than visual learning for word acquisition, with a differential impact on word form, sound, and meaning, where word form and sound are prioritized over meaning.

Enhanced recovery after surgery in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to investigate the clinical outcomes of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the perioperative period in elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). AIM: To investigate the potential enhancement of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in postoperative recovery in elderly patients with NSCLC. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the clinical data of 85 elderly NSCLC patients who underwent ERAS (the ERAS group) and 327 elderly NSCLC patients who received routine care (the control group) after VATS at the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital between May 2015 and April 2017. After propensity score matching of baseline data, we analysed the postoperative stay, total hospital expenses, postoperative 48-h pain score, and postoperative complication rate for the 2 groups of patients who underwent lobectomy or sublobar resection. RESULTS: After propensity score matching, ERAS significantly reduced the postoperative hospital stay (6.96 ± 4.16 vs 8.48 ± 4.18 d, P = 0.001) and total hospital expenses (48875.27 ± 18437.5 vs 55497.64 ± 21168.63 CNY, P = 0.014) and improved the satisfaction score (79.8 ± 7.55 vs 77.35 ± 7.72, P = 0.029) relative to those for routine care. No significant between-group difference was observed in postoperative 48-h pain score (4.68 ± 1.69 vs 5.28 ± 2.1, P = 0.090) or postoperative complication rate (21.2% vs 27.1%, P = 0.371). Subgroup analysis showed that ERAS significantly reduced the postoperative hospital stay and total hospital expenses and increased the satisfaction score of patients who underwent lobectomy but not of patients who underwent sublobar resection. CONCLUSION: ERAS effectively reduced the postoperative hospital stay and total hospital expenses and improved the satisfaction score in the perioperative period for elderly NSCLC patients who underwent lobectomy but not for patients who underwent sublobar resection.

Prediction of Lymphovascular Space Invision in Endometrial Cancer based on Multi-parameter MRI Radiomics Model.

Objective: To explore the application value of a combined model based on multi-parameter MRI radiomics and clinical features in preoperative prediction of lymphatic vascular space invasion (LVSI) in endometrial carcinoma (EC). METHODS: This retrospective study collected the clinicopathological and imaging data of 218 patients with EC in Yuncheng Central Hospital from March 2018 to May 2022. The patients were randomly divided into training group (n=152) and validation group (n= 66) according to the ratio of 7: 3. Based on the ADC, CE-sag, CE-tra, DWI, T2WI-sag-fs, T2WI-tra sequence images of each patient, the region of interest was manually segmented and the features were extracted. The four-step dimensionality reduction method based on max-relevance and min-redundancy (MRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used for feature selection and radiomics model construction. Independent predictors of clinicopathological features were screened by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The imaging model based on ADC, CE-sag, CE-tra, DWI, T2WI-sag-fs, T2WI-tra single sequence and combined sequence and the fusion model with clinicopathological features were constructed, and the nomogram was made. ROC curve, correction curve and decision analysis curve were used to evaluate the efficacy and clinical benefits of the nomogram. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in general clinical data between the training and validation groups (P > 0.05). After screening the extracted features, 16 radiomics features were obtained, which were all related to LVSI in EC patients (P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the six independent sequence radiomics models in the training group was 0.807, 0.794, 0.826, 0.794, 0.828, 0.824, respectively. The AUC corresponding to the radiomics model constructed by the combined sequence was 0.884, and the diagnostic efficiency was the best, which was verified in the validation group. The AUC of the nomogram constructed by the combined radiomics model and age maximum tumor diameter(MTD), lymph node enlargement (LNE) in the training group and the validation group were 0.914 and 0.912, respectively. The correction curve shows that the nomogram has good correction performance. The decision curve suggests that taking radiomics nomogram to predict LVSI net benefit when the risk threshold is > 10% is better than considering all patients as LVSI+ or LVSI-. CONCLUSION: The combined model based on multi-parametric MRI radiomics features and clinical features has good predictive value for LVSI status in EC patients.

Pinobanksin from peony seed husk: A flavonoid with the potential to inhibit the proliferation of SH-SY5Y.

Pinobanksin, as one of the flavonoids, has powerful biological activities but has been under-recognized. In this study, we optimized the extraction method of phragmites from peony seed shells by using organic solvent extraction. The yield of PSMS was 10.54 ± 0.13% under the conditions of ethanol volume fraction 70%, extraction temperature 70°C, material-liquid ratio 1:25 g/mL, and extraction time 60 min; the optimized PSMS could be effectively separated in S-8 macroporous resin coupled with C18. The relative content of PSMS was increased from 0.42% in PSMS to 92.53% after C18 purification; the antioxidant activity test revealed that pinobanksin could exert antioxidant ability by binding catalase (CAT) enzyme. Second, it was found that pinobanksin could effectively inhibit the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells, mainly by binding to BCL2-associated X (BAX), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), and cyclin-dependent Kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) to produce more hydrogen bonds to inhibit their activities. This study confirms the medicinal potential of pinobanksin and provides the basis for the proper understanding of pinobanksin and the development of related products.

Characterizations and molecular docking mechanism of the interactions between peptide FDGDF (Phe-Asp-Gly-Asp-Phe) and SOD enzyme.

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant properties of dry-cured beef crude peptide (BPH) at different storage periods. The combination characteristics of different concentrations of Phe-Asp-Gly-Asp-Phe (FDGDF) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at different temperatures were analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy, combined with the detection of a SOD activity detection box. It was found that FDGDF could improve the activity of SOD by changing its secondary structure. Bonds were formed at O32/O40/O52 using quantum chemical simulation calculations, and the Fukui index was higher than that of most atoms, indicating that these atoms were more likely to participate in the reaction. SPR biological force analysis showed that FDGDF and SOD were in a fast binding and dissociation mode. This study revealed the theoretical basis for studying the antioxidant mechanism of dry-cured beef and provided ideas for developing new dry-cured beef products.

A new suberin from roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf / 药学学报

Six compounds were isolated from the roots of Ephedra sinica Stapf using various chromatographic techniques such as silica gel column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Their chemical structures were identified by analysis of physicochemical properties and spectral data, and determined as (Z)-docosanylferulate (1), (E)-docosanylferulate (2), bis (2-ethylheptyl) phythalate (3), 2,2′-oxybis (1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene) (4), diisobutyl phthalate (5), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (6). Among them, compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 2-4 were first isolated from Ephedra. A corticosterone-induced PC-12 cell injury model was used for compound activity screening. The results showed that compounds 1 and 5 significantly improved corticosterone-induced PC-12 cell injury and significantly increased 5-HT7 receptor protein expression in the cells, indicating potential antidepressant activity.

Analysis of influential factors for purchasing quantity changes in the procurement varieties of the first batch of drug centralized procurement / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors influencing the changes in purchasing quantity in the procurement varieties of the first batch of volume-based drug centralized procurement （hereinafter referred to as centralized procurement）. METHODS Using 25 procurement varieties of the “4+7” policy as research objects， the changes in purchasing quantity of procurement varieties were analyzed before and after the implementation of the “4+7” pilot， renewal and expansion policies. The influential factors were determined from the three levels of drugs， medical institutions and regions； and the multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influential factors for the changes in the purchasing quantity of procurement varieties. RESULTS Before and after the implementation of the “4+7” pilot， renewal and expansion policies， the purchasing quantity increased by 52.1， －0.2， 85.8 ten thousand DDDs on average， compared with base period. During pilot， renewal and expansion period， DDDc decrease in procurement varieties was positively correlated with the increase in purchasing quantity （P＜0.01）. During the pilot and renewal period， the number of absolutely alternative varieties was positively correlated with the increase in purchasing quantity （P＜0.1）. During the pilot and expansion period， the number of alternative varieties to a certain extent was negatively correlated with the increase in purchasing quantity （P＜0.05）. During the renewal period， the increment of purchasing quantity in tertiary hospitals was smaller than that of primary medical institutions （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between the decline of DDDc and the changes in the purchasing quantity， that is， the more the drug price dropped， the more the purchasing quantity increased. The number of alternative varieties for centralized procurement will affect the changes in their purchasing quantity， but it is not always stable. With the implementation of the policy， the volume of primary medical institutions gradually exceeds that of tertiary institutions， indicating that the consumption of centralized purchased varieties is transferred to the primary medical institutions， and centralized procurement has promoted the implementation of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system.

Reconstruction of "Public" Ethic in Health Care under the Strategy of Healthy China / 中国医学伦理学

The Healthy China Strategy launched by China is not only a practical policy, but also an ethical revolution in the field of health. Under the Healthy China Strategy, the health field and its sub-field health care are defined as areas with "public" ethics as the fundamental ethical principles. Reconstructing the health care with "public" ethics should get rid of the health care oriented market lead and technical lead, and return to its "public" nature. In terms of concrete realization, the state and the government need to be the power backing of the "public" ethics of the health and medical care, the reconstructing must be leaded by Chinese Communist Party, and the fundamental realization of the "public" ethics of the health and medical care should take the institutions as the fundamental approach.

Application progress of proteomics in dry eye research / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

The complex pathological mechanism of dry eye involves multiple pathways, such as immunity and inflammation, and requires an integral research program to control the whole picture. Various histological techniques can elucidate the complex physio-pathological state of organisms from a holistic and global perspective, thus providing more comprehensive biological information. Mass spectrometry can sensitively detect the changes of protein content in tear samples, providing convenience for proteomics research of dry eye. At present, proteomics has demonstrated its application in the identification of dry eye types, severity grading, and therapeutic effect evaluation. In addition, proteomics combined with metabolomics and microbiomics can more comprehensively explain the pathogenesis of dry eye. In the future, proteomics is expected to provide more powerful support for the precise diagnosis and treatment of dry eye, taking an advantage in targeted therapy.

Mechanism of Promoting Chronic Refractory Wound Repair by Polysaccharides in Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

A chronic refractory wound is caused by continuous skin damage. At the same time， it may be formed due to repeated infection， vascular insufficiency， diabetes， tumors， chronic osteomyelitis， and other reasons， resulting in wound repair interruption and recovery delay. Chronic refractory wound seriously affects the quality of life of patients and consumes a lot of medical resources. Polysaccharides in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） are the effective components of most TCM. Modern pharmacological studies have found that polysaccharides contained in TCM have anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， anti-radiation， hypoglycemic， antiviral， anti-tumor， hypolipidemic， and immunomodulatory effects. Through the summary and analysis of the literature， it was found that the mechanism of polysaccharides in TCM to promote chonic refractory wound repair was mainly realized from the following aspects： firstly， regulating inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-4 （IL-4）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， interleukin-8 （IL-8）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） or regulating macrophage-related inflammatory proteins and chemotactic proteins like MIP-2， MCP-1， to shorten the inflammatory period. Secondly， activating growth factors like platelet-derived growth fator （PDGF）， basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF）， TGF-α， and vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） to recruit endothelial cells and fibroblasts into tissue proliferation. Thirdly， activationg VEGF and its downstream receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 （VEGFR-1） and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 （VEGFR-2）-mediatated protein kinase C/extracellular regulated kinases （PKC/ERK） signaling pathway or promoting angiogenesie and improving wound blood flow through angiotensin （ANG）. Fourthly， promoting the ablility of collagen synthesis by enhancing the secretion of hydroxyproline and hyaluronic acid （HA） from fibroblasts （FB） and regulating relevant matrix metalloenzymes and their enzyme inhibitor to regulate the extracellular matrix. Fifthly， eliminating free radiccals to reduce the damage caused by oxidative stress to tissue. Sixthly， enhancing the phagocytic ability of macrophages， the activity of natural killer cells， and the proliferation of T cells to improve the defense ability of tissue. Polysaccharides in TCM can repair wounds in many ways at the same time. Its advantage lies in the multiple targets and multiple pathways. It is expected that the research will pay more attention to the mechanism of wound repair by polysaccharide components in TCM when improving the treatment of chronic refractory wounds.

Electroacupuncture at Sensitized Acupoints Relieves Somatic Referred Pain in Colitis Rats by Inhibiting Sympathetic-Sensory Coupling to Interfere with 5-HT Signaling Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether electroacupuncture (EA) at sensitized acupoints could reduce sympathetic-sensory coupling (SSC) and neurogenic inflammatory response by interfering with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)ergic neural pathways to relieve colitis and somatic referred pain, and explore the underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Rats were treated with 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) solution for 7 days to establish a colitis model. Twelve rats were randomly divided into the control and model groups according to a random number table (n=6). According to the "Research on Rat Acupoint Atlas", sensitized acupoints and non-sensitized acupoints were determined. Rats were randomly divided into the control, model, Zusanli-EA (ST 36), Dachangshu-EA (BL 25), and Xinshu (BL 15) groups (n=6), as well as the control, model, EA, and EA + GR113808 (a 5-HT inhibitor) groups (n=6). The rats in the control group received no treatment. Acupuncture was administered on 2 days after modeling using the stimulation pavameters: 1 mA, 2 Hz, for 30 min, with sparse and dense waves, for 14 consecutive days. GR113808 was injected into the tail vein at 5 mg/kg before EA for 10 min for 7 consecutive days. Mechanical sensitivity was assessed with von Frey filaments. Body weight and disease activity index (DAI) scores of rats were determined. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to observe colon histopathology. SSC was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect 5-HT and substance P (SP) expressions. The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in skin tissue and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein levels in DRG were detected by Western blot. The levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), bradykinin (BK), prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in skin tissue, 5-HT, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), serotonin transporters (SERT), 5-HT 3 receptor (5-HT3R), and 5-HT 4 receptor (5-HT4R) in colon tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).@*RESULTS@#BL 25 and ST 36 acupoints were determined as sensitized acupoints, and BL 15 acupoint was used as a non-sensitized acupoint. EA at sensitized acupoints improved the DAI score, increased mechanical withdrawal thresholds, and alleviated colonic pathological damage of rats. EA at sensitized acupoints reduced SSC structures and decreased TH and CGRP expression levels (P<0.05). Furthermore, EA at sensitized acupoints reduced BK, PGI2, 5-HT, 5-HT3R and TPH1 levels, and increased HA, 5-HT4R and SERT levels in colitis rats (P<0.05). GR113808 treatment diminished the protective effect of EA at sensitized acupoints in colitis rats (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#EA at sensitized acupoints alleviated DSS-induced somatic referred pain in colitis rats by interfering with 5-HTergic neural pathway, and reducing SSC inflammatory response.

Use of 16S rRNA gene sequences to identify cyanobacteria that can grow in far-red light.

Although most cyanobacteria use visible light (VL; λ = 400-700 nm) for photosynthesis, some have evolved strategies to use far-red light (FRL; λ = 700-800 nm). These cyanobacteria are defined as far-red light-utilizing cyanobacteria (FRLCyano), including two groups: (1) chlorophyll d-producing Acaryochloris spp. and (2) polyphyletic cyanobacteria that produce chlorophylls d and f in response to FRL. Numerous ecological studies examine pigments, such as chlorophylls d and f, to investigate the presence of FRLCyano in the environment. This method is not ideal because it can only detect FRLCyano that have made chlorophylls d or f. Here we develop a new method, far-red cyanobacteria identification (FRCI), to identify FRLCyano based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. From public databases and published articles, 62 16S rRNA gene sequences of FRLCyano were extracted. Comparing with related lineages, we determined that 97% sequence identity is the optimal cut-off for distinguishing FRLCyano from other cyanobacteria. To test the method experimentally, we collected samples from 17 sites in Taipei, Taiwan, and conducted VL and FRL enrichments. Our results demonstrate that FRCI can detect FRLCyano during FRL enrichments more sensitively than pigment analysis. FRCI can also resolve the composition of FRLCyano at the genus level, which pigment analysis cannot do. In addition, we applied FRCI to published datasets and discovered putative FRLCyano in diverse environments, including soils, hot springs and deserts. Overall, our results indicate that FRCI is a sensitive and high-resolution method using 16S rRNA gene sequences to identify FRLCyano.

The influence of demographic and lifestyle factors on blood donation delay among student population: a retrospective study.

Objective: This study analysed blood donation deferral trends, reasons and demographic/lifestyle characteristics among students in Huzhou City. The aim was to understand the health status of students and reduce the deferral rate. Methods: Data on blood donation deferral among students in Huzhou City from 2018 to 2022 were collected and analysed. Deferral trends and main reasons were investigated. Using demographic and lifestyle data from 2,619 cases in 2022, a risk prediction model for deferral was constructed. Results: The deferral rate among students in Huzhou City from 2018 to 2022 was 12.60% (p = 0.000, 95%CI: 12.14-13.06%), showing a significant increasing trend. Temporary deferral was the main reason, with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood pressure (BP) and haemoglobin (Hb) as the main deferral factors. ALT had a deferral rate of 5.23% (4.92-5.53%), BP 3.30% (3.06-3.55%), and Hb 2.92% (2.68-3.15%). Demographic and lifestyle characteristics in 2022 showed no significant differences between education level, household registration and deferral rate (p > 0.05). However, age, sex, blood donation history, sleep quality, diet and mental state had variable effects on ALT, BP, and Hb deferrals (p < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that sex, blood donation history, sleep quality, diet and mental status were independent risk factors for ALT deferral (p < 0.05), with odds ratios (ORs) of 5.057, 2.735, 1.594, 3.679, and 1.957, respectively. Age, blood donation history, sleep quality and mental state were independent risk factors for BP deferral (p < 0.05), with ORs of 0.256, 3.658, 6.042, and 1.812, respectively. Gender, blood donation history and diet were independent risk factors for Hb deferral (p < 0.05), with ORs of 0.244, 0.542, and 3.103, respectively. Conclusion: Students' health problems require attention. Effective health education should improve self-health management and pre-donation health behaviour to encourage regular blood donation.

Improving communication and patient information recall via a question prompt list: randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Patient-surgeon communication is an important component of the success of a consultation and is known to impact patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a document called a question prompt list, containing suggested questions that a patient may like to ask their doctor, improved communication. METHODS: A prospective RCT was conducted from October 2021 to October 2022 at The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia. Patients 16 years or older, seeing a general surgeon for a pre-surgical consultation, not requiring a translator, were randomized to receive a question prompt list (intervention) or standard care without a question prompt list (control). The primary outcomes were number of questions asked, talk time, and mutual eye gaze. Secondary outcomes were patient recall of information, anxiety, and consultation duration. Randomization was achieved using a computer program, with allocation concealment by opaque sequentially numbered envelopes. Patients were blinded to study group; surgeons were aware of study group, but blinded to outcomes. RESULTS: Patients (59) were randomly allocated to receive the question prompt list (31) or to the control group (28). A patient from the intervention group withdrew before consultation, resulting in 58 patients being included in the analysis. In the question prompt list consultations, 24 per cent more questions were asked (incidence rate ratio = 1.25, 95 per cent c.i. 1.10 to 1.42; P = 0.001). The intervention group recalled 9 per cent more items than the control group (incidence rate ratio = 1.09, 95 per cent c.i. 1.02 to 1.17; P = 0.012). The control group were 26 per cent less likely to correctly recall information about surgical treatment (OR = 0.26, 95 per cent c.i. 0.10 to 0.68; P = 0.006). No statistically significant differences between study arms for talk time, mutual eye gaze, anxiety, or consultation duration were demonstrated. CONCLUSION: The question prompt list was associated with increased question asking and greater patient recall of medical information. It did not increase patient anxiety or consultation duration. REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12623000089639 (http://www.ANZCTR.org.au).

Evaluation of ciliary body morphology and position of the implantable collamer lens in low-vault eyes using ultrasound biomicroscopy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the ciliary body anatomy and position of the implantable collamer lens (ICL) in low-vault eyes and analyze factors related to insufficient vault. SETTING: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control observational study. METHODS: In this study, 73 eyes of 73 patients with an insufficient vault (<250 µm) were matched with 73 eyes with an ideal vault (250 to 750 µm). Ultrasound biomicroscopy was used to determine the ciliary body morphology and ICL position. The biometric parameters acquired by Scheimpflug tomography were compared. The correlation between the vault and these factors was analyzed, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method was used to screen the risk factors for low vault. RESULTS: The low-vault group had a steeper corneal curvature, thicker lens thickness (LT), higher crystalline lens rise, and shorter axial length (AL) (all P < .005). The ciliary process length (CPL) and maximum ciliary body thickness (CBTmax) were significantly smaller, and the trabecular-ciliary angle (TCA), iris-ciliary angle (ICA), and ciliary sulcus width (CSW) were significantly greater in the low-vault eyes (all P < .005). The low-vault group had more ICL haptics below the ciliary process, and TCA, ICA, CPL, CBTmax, CSW, and haptic position were related to the postoperative vault (all P < .05). CPL, AL, and LT were identified as predictors of a low vault. CONCLUSIONS: Malposition of ICL haptics behind the ciliary process is a risk factor for low vault. A shorter CPL, thicker LT, and shorter AL are significant risk factors for the postoperative low vault.