Schistosomiasis control effect in Mianyang City in ten years after Wenchuan earthquake / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in Mianyang City in ten years after Wenchuan earth-quake, so as to provide the experiences for schistosomiasis control post-disaster. Methods The data of implementation of schistosomiasis control work in ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake were collected and analyzed for the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Mianyang City. Meanwhile, the awareness situation on schistosomiasis control of villagers and students was investigated by questionnaires in 2008 and 2015. Results All of the 6 counties (cities, districts) with schistosomiasis endemic in Mianyang City were hit by the earthquake disaster. After the disaster, the measurements including the conventional schistosomiasis control measures, the control of exogenous infection sources, the control of Oncomelania hupensis snails, and health education were carried out. The relevant departments of schistosomiasis control were cooperated to implement the prevention and control measures. The schistosomiasis prevalence of population and the snail condition rose in the year of the earthquake, but then declined year by year. In 2015, the awareness rates of schistosomiasis control of both villagers and the students were significantly improved compared with those in 2008. Conclusion The measures of schistosomiasis control after the earthquake disaster are effective in Mianyang City, and the goal to prevent major plague after the earthquake is achieved.

Schistosomiasis control effect in Mianyang City in ten years after Wenchuan earthquake / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in Mianyang City in ten years after Wenchuan earth-quake, so as to provide the experiences for schistosomiasis control post-disaster. Methods The data of implementation of schistosomiasis control work in ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake were collected and analyzed for the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Mianyang City. Meanwhile, the awareness situation on schistosomiasis control of villagers and students was investigated by questionnaires in 2008 and 2015. Results All of the 6 counties (cities, districts) with schistosomiasis endemic in Mianyang City were hit by the earthquake disaster. After the disaster, the measurements including the conventional schistosomiasis control measures, the control of exogenous infection sources, the control of Oncomelania hupensis snails, and health education were carried out. The relevant departments of schistosomiasis control were cooperated to implement the prevention and control measures. The schistosomiasis prevalence of population and the snail condition rose in the year of the earthquake, but then declined year by year. In 2015, the awareness rates of schistosomiasis control of both villagers and the students were significantly improved compared with those in 2008. Conclusion The measures of schistosomiasis control after the earthquake disaster are effective in Mianyang City, and the goal to prevent major plague after the earthquake is achieved.

[Clinical analysis of 12 cases of paragonimiasis].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of paragonimiasis and improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of 12 cases of paragonimiasis. RESULTS: All the paragonimiasis patients had the epidemiological history, 83.33% of them had the obvious blood eosinophil increase, and 83.33% of them had the positive antibody against Paragonimus. Praziquantel oral treatment had a curative effect and little adverse reaction. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical symptoms and signs of paragonimiasis are complex and diverse, and the doctors should pay attention to the inquiry of epidemiological history, blood eosinophil increase and positive antibody against Paragonimus.

[Schistosomiasis endemic situation of national surveillance sites in Mianyang City, 2015].

OBJECTIVE: To master the dynamics of schistosomiasis endemic situation and influencing factors in Mianyang City, so as to provide the evidence for making the control and prevention measures. METHODS: Six villages of six schistosomiasis heavy endemic counties were selected as survey sites according to the national surveillance protocol (Revision in 2014) in Mianyang City. The surveys of the incidences of schistosomiasis in population and livestock as well as the prevalence of Oncomelania hupensis snails were conducted in the 6 national surveillance sites. RESULTS: The serum positive rates of local residents and migrant people were 2.12% and 1.71%, respectively. The infection rate of cattle was 0. The area with snails was 9.344 8 hm2. The mean density of living snails was 0.25/0.1 m2. The occurrence rate of frames with snails was 7.07%, and no infected snails were found. CONCLUSIONS: The infection rates of schistosome in human and livestock are low and the prevalence of O. hupensis snails is stable in the national surveillance sites in Mianyang City. However, the schistosomiasis transmission risk still exists, therefore, we should strengthen the control measures to prevent the rebound of the endemic.

Epigenetics of hepatocellular carcinoma: a new horizon / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Epigenetic changes refer to stable alterations in gene expression with no underlying modifications in the genetic sequence itself. It has become clear that not only gene variations but also epigenetic modifications may contribute to varied diseases, including cancer. This review will provide an overview of how epigenetic factors, including genomic DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA regulation, contribute to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) dissemination, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, the reversal of dysregulated epigenetic changes has emerged as a potential strategy for the treatment of HCC, and we will summarize the latest epigenetic therapies for HCC.

Pulmonary infection and its risk factors after orthotopic liver transplantation / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To investigate the characteristics of pulmonary infection and its risk factors after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 250 cases having liver transplantations from April 2001 to August 2005 were retrospectively studied in order to analyse the differences between patients with and without pulmonary infection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-seven (57/250, 22.8%) recipients had 72 episodes of pulmonary infection after liver transplantation. Bacterial infection was the most common followed by fungal infection (13/72, 18.1%), and cytomegalovirus infection (12/72, 16.7%). There were 36 episodes of pulmonary infection caused by one kind of bacteria, 5 episodes by two kinds of bacteria and 6 episodes by multiple kinds of bacteria. Seven episodes of fungal infection were accompanied with bacterial infection, and three episodes of cytomegalovirus infection were accompanied with bacterial infection simultaneously. The 1-, 2- and 3- year survival rates were 71.9%, 61.4%, and 53.4% of the patients with pulmonary infection and 93.1%, 75.8%, and 67.2% of those without the infection. Logistic regression analysis suggested that preoperative infection, mechanical ventilation > 12 hours, a long duration of the operation, total volume of blood transfusion during operation >1000 ml, reoperation after OLT, postoperative pleural effusion and the duration of stay in the intensive care unit were independent risk factors of pulmonary infection after OLT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bacterial infections were the main pulmonary infection after OLT and the infections caused by multiple pathogens or multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria were seen more frequently. The risk factors of pulmonary infection should be controlled to decrease the infection rate after OLT. It is important to make a correct diagnosis for pulmonary infection after OLT and use appropriate antibiotics as soon as possible.</p>

Comparison of the results and therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis in portal vein / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical effects of different therapies on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombi (PVTT), and to study the factors that affected the prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty eight HCC with PVTT patients, whose liver function was compensatory and both tumor and PVTT could probably be resected together as evaluated by preoperative examinations, were divided into four groups: 1. conservative treatment group (n = 14); 2. chemotherapy group (n = 41); 3. surgical resection group (n = 19); 4. surgical resection with postoperative chemotherapy group (n = 64).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median survival periods in four groups were 3.5, 7.1, 10.1 and 13.4 months, respectively. The half a year-, 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates in the surgical resection with postoperative chemotherapy group were 53.7%, 37.6%, 30.7% and 14.0%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis both revealed that the number of chemotherapy courses affected the effect of surgical resection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>1. If patients' liver function is compensatory and tumors with PVTT can be removed together, exploration should be done. Surgical resection followed by postoperative chemotherapy would produce the best clinical result. 2. If patients' liver function is permissible, multiple chemotherapeutic courses should be given after resection of HCC with PVTT.</p>