Active substance fractions and effects of Shugan Hewei Tang on hippocampal meurotransmitters in rat model of chronic stress-induced depression / 中国中药杂志

To study the antidepressant effect of Shugan Hewei Tang on chronic stress depression model rats, and select the effective substance fractions. Several male SD rats were randomly divided into 17 groups: blank control group, model group, positive control group(fluoxetine), Shugan Hewei Tang high and low dose groups, 6 high and low dose groups of different substance fractions. After modeling for 3 weeks and administration for 1 week, the effective substance fractions were selected according to the body mass and behavioral performance of SD rats in each group; several neurotransmitters in hippocampus of rats were determined by LC-MS/MS method, including norepinephrine(NE), serotonin(5-HT), 5-indoleacetic acid(5-HIAA), r-aminobutyric acid(GABA), and glutamic acid(Glu). Behavioral results after modeling showed that as compared with the blank group, the body mass growth of the model group was significantly reduced(P<0.01); the sugar water consumption was reduced(P<0.01); the distance between the open field and the number of crossing the central area were also significantly reduced(P<0.01, P<0.01); the resting time was increased significantly(P<0.01); and the forced swimming time was significantly prolonged(P<0.01), indicating that the depression model was effective. After intragastric administration, as compared with the model group, the above detection indicators of volatile oils, total polysaccharides and terpenoid in Fluoxetine, Shugan Hewei Tang groups were all changed(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The levels of NE, 5-HT and GABA in the hippocampus of the model group were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.01), and the levels of 5-HIAA and Glu were significantly increased(P<0.01). As compared with the model group, neurotransmitters of the treatment groups were changed obviously or significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Shugan Hewei Tang showed obvious anti-depressant effects, and the volatile oils, total polysaccharides and terpenoids acted as the main active substances. The mechanism of anti-depression may be related to its regulation of various neurotransmitter levels in the hippocampus.

Study on BALB/c mice with EV71 infection by diverse inoculation routes / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics of EV71 JN200804 strain infection in one-day old BALBI c mjce and to establish a animal model of EV71 infection , and to provide information and technical support for the evaluation of the EV71 vaccine and antiviral medicine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One-day old BALBic mice were infected with EV71 JN200804 strain through oral( PO) ,intracranial(IC) ,intraperitoneal (IP), intramuscular (IM) routes, respectively. All mice were sacrificed at paralysis of hind limbs and collected organs for viral isolation, RT -PCR and pathological examination, and the electrophysiology were detected before sacrifice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All mice infected through IC, IP and IM routes were paralyzed in hind limbs at 4-5 days and died at 7 days about, the hypokinesia and lethargy of mice were observed through PO routes. The viruses could be isolated and detected in the muscle from mice infected through IC, IP and IM routes and in the spinal cord through IC routes by viral isolation and RT-PCR. The neurogenic and myogenic disorders were detected by electromyography. Histopathologically, the varied pathologic changes were observed in the mouse cerebellum , spinal cord , muscle , heart, lung, liver and kidney.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EV71 JN200804 strain can infect one-day old BALBI c mice and induce paralysis of hind limbs, its animal infection model may apply to study of EV71 infection pathogenesis and antiviral medicine, and evaluation of the EV71 vaccine.</p>

Molecular-biological identification of pathogens which caused an outbreak of viral encephalitis in Jinan area / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the etiology of the outbreak of viral encephalitis in Jinan area in 2003.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Virus-specific nucleic acid fragments were amplified by random PCR and RT-PCR using specific primers to enterovirus. After sequencing, the gene sequence was handled by the program BLAST for homologous analysis and the software Clustal W 1.82 for multiple sequence alignment to identify the etiology and its genotype.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Five strains were isolated from clinical specimens. A gene fragment for one strain was acquired using random PCR, which was highly homologous to enterovirus. Then, the 5' non-translated region and partial VP1 region were amplified and sequenced. The five isolated strains were all identified as Coxsackievirus B5, and what was more, they were most homologous to the strain isolated during the outbreak of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in Zhejiang province from 2002 to 2004.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Coxsackievirus B5 is closely associated with the outbreak of viral encephalitis in Jinan area in 2003. It is an important etiology but other viruses may also played a role which remains to be clarified.</p>

Tortuosity of terminal arterioles in the basal ganglia is increased in status lacunaris.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the participation of small (diameter between 26 microns and 90 microns) and terminal (diameter between 10 microns and 25 microns) arterioles in the status lacunaris of the basal ganglia and to classify tortuous vascular profiles based on morphometry. Paraffin sections, 40 microns thick, of the basal ganglia from autopsied patients over the age of 45, were stained with PAS. A three-dimensional microscope, R400 (edge) was used to evaluate the structure of the blood vessels. Six patterns of the tortuous profiles were identified: simple kink, loop, knot, tangle, coil, and wave, and well as their combinations. Tortuous arterioles in the basal ganglia were present both in control group and status lacunaris cases. However, statistical Student's t-test analysis revealed a significant increment in the number of microfields containing tortuous terminal arterioles in the status lacunaris group (mean 7.50 +/- 4.62) versus the control group (mean 2.92 +/- 1.38) (p = 0.001). A risk for status lacunaris was associated with the increased frequency of tortuous terminal arterioles (Odd ratio = 1.94, 95%-Confidence Interval = 1.17-3.22) (p = 0.008) but not small arterioles (Odd ratio = 1.64, 95%-Confidence Interval = 0.62-4.38) (p = 0.39). Our findings suggest than an increased number of tortuous terminal arterioles is associated with status lacunaris. Six characteristic patterns of the tortuous profiles as well as their combinations were identified.

Tortuosy of terminal arterioles in the basal gangli is increased in status lacunaris

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la participación de las arteriolas pequeñas (diámetro entre las 26 y 90 µm) y terminales (diámetro entre las 10 y 25 µm) en el status lacunaris de los ganglios de la base; así también clasificar los perfiles de presentación de los vasos tortuosos por su morfología. El procedimiento de estudio consistió en secciones de parafina, 40 µm de grueso de los ganglios de la base de pacientes autopsiados con edad mayor de 45 años, coloreados por la técnica de PAS. Un microscopio tridimensional, R400 (edge) se utilizó para evaluar las estructuras de los vasos sanguíneos. Seis patrones de perfiles tortuosos fueron identificados: simple acodadura, asa, nudo, ovillo, resorte y ondulante, así como también sus combinaciones. Las arteriolas tortuosas en los ganglios de la base estuvieron presentes en aquellos casos tanto del grupo control como del grupo status lacunaris. Sin embargo, el análisis estadístico con la prueba de la t de Student reveló un incremento significante en el número de microcampos conteniendo arteriolas terminales tortuosas en el grupo con status lacunaris (promedio de 7,50 ± 4,62) versus el grupo control (promedio de 2,92 ± 1,38) (p= 0,001). El riesgo para status lacunaris fue asociado con el incremento en la frecuencia de las arteriolas terminales (Odd ratio=1,94; 95 por ciento-Intervalo de confianza= 1,17-3,22) (p= 0,008) pero no con pequeñas arteriolas (Odd ratio= 1,64; 95 por ciento)-Intervalo de confianza= 0,62-4,38) (p= 0,39). Nuestros resultados sugieren que un incremento en el número de arteriolas tortuosas terminales está asociado con el status lacunaris. Seis patrones característicos de los perfiles tortuosos así como su combinación fueron también identificados