Erratum: Erratum: Breviscapine prevents downregulation of renal water and sodium transport proteins in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2016.6943.].

Meta-analysis of short-term outcomes of robotic versus conventional laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To compare the short-term clinical outcomes of robotic distal pancreatectomy(RDP) with laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy(LDP).Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Wanfang data, CNKI were searched systematically.Studies that compared short-term clinic outcomes between RDP and LDP groups were included. Observation indicators include: operation time, intraoperative blood transfusion rate, spleen preserving rate, spleen vessels preserving rate, conversion rate to open surgery, complication rate, severe complication rate, pancreatic fistula rate, severe pancreatic fistula rate, length of hospital stay, etc. The Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan5.3.Results:Eleven non-randomized controlled trials with 791 patients meet the inclusion criteria.This Meta-analysis shows: compared with LDP group, RDP group was associated with higher spleen preserving rate ( OR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.07-5.04, P=0.03), higher splenic vessels preserving rate ( OR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.10-8.57, P=0.03), lower conversion rate to open surgery ( OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.35-0.97, P=0.04), shorter hospital stay ( MD=-2.42, 95% CI: -4.30 --0.55, P=0.01), longer operative time ( MD=27.11, 95% CI: 9.06-45.16, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in overall complications, severe complications, pancreatic fistula, severe pancreatic fistula, and transfusion rate between the two groups. Conclusions:RDP showed a slight advantage in short-term outcomes, and it is worthy of applying in large medical center. Further studies on the long-term outcomes of these surgical techniques are required.

Application of modified small bladder patch-to-bladder double-layer sutures to improve renal transplantation in mice.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to introduce an improved surgical procedure to reduce the incidence of urinary tract complications after renal transplantation in mice using a modified bladder patch-to-bladder anastomosis technique. METHODS: Renal isotransplantation was performed in 28 male C57BL/6 mice. The urinary tract was reconstructed with a ureteral anastomosis between the donor's small bladder patch and the recipient's bladder. The bladder patch was secured through a cystotomy in the recipient's bladder mucosa and seromuscular layers, which were sutured in a double-layer manner. The food intake and survival of mice were recorded for 100 days in addition to monitoring appearance, weight, and symptoms of pain. On post-transplantation day 7, the native kidney in the recipients was removed and the transplanted kidney assessed visually. Urine leakage from the transplanted graft was monitored by assessing the degree of ascites. RESULTS: The success rate of renal transplantation was 82 % (23 of 28 cases). Arterial thrombosis at the site of anastomosis occurred in 3 cases (11 %) and hemorrhagic shock in 2 cases (7 %). The mean ± SD time of the operation in recipients was 81 ± 5 min. No complications were noted in the successfully transplanted animals. CONCLUSIONS: The modified procedure of a small bladder patch-to-bladder with double-layer suturing minimizes complications after renal transplantation in mice while requiring the same operating time as other approaches such as ureter to bladder anastomosis, which are associated with more complications.

Breviscapine prevents downregulation of renal water and sodium transport proteins in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction.

OBJECTIVES: Our recent report indicates that breviscapine play a protective role of the kidney by down-regulating transforming growth factor-ß1(TGF-ß1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and alleviating interstitial fibrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). In this study, we investigate the effect of breviscapine on changes of renal water and sodium transport proteins in response to UUO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, sham group, UUO group and UUO treat with breviscapine. After 4, 7 and 14 days, histologic changes and interstitial collagen were determined microscopically following hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining. The expression of Aquaporins (AQP-2) and γ-epithelial sodium channel (γ-ENaC) were investigated using immunohistochemistry and Western blot in each group. RESULTS: Breviscapine treatment decrease the tubular injury index and the degree of interstitial collagen deposition significantly compared with the UUO group (P<0.05). Breviscapine treatment also significantly reduced downregulation of AQP2 and γ-ENaC compared to those subjected to the same time course of obstruction in UUO group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that breviscapine could prevent downregulation of renal water and sodium transport proteins in response to UUO so as to protect obstructed kidney.

Induction of macrophages differentiation to M2 type by adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells to regulate the differentiation of macrophage RAW264.7.Methods:First,we used RAW264.7 cells to simulate macrophage and induced them to M 1 macrophage with lipopolysaccharide ( LPS,1 μg/ml) .Then we cultured these RAW264.7 cells in culture mediums which were previously used to culture adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells to imitate the transplantation of ADMSC .Last,the mRNA relative expression of IL-10, IGF-1,Arg-1,TNF-α,FIZZ1,SPHK-1 was detected by real-time PCR.The protein expression of IL-12 p40,IL-27 Rα,IL-10 was detected by Western blot.Results:After been cultured in ADMSCCM and induced by LPS ,M1 markers (TNF-αmRNA,IL-12 p40;P<0.05) of the RAW264.7 cells declined while M2 markers (IGF-1 mRNA,IL-10 mRNA,IL-10;P<0.05) rose.Conclusion: ADMSC can secrete soluble cytokines to induce the RAW264.7 cell,which have been induced to the M1 macrophages,to differentiate towards M2 macrophages.

Tadalafil attenuates chronic allograft vasculopathy in rat / 实用医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of tadalafil on chronic allograft vasculopathy. Method The abdominal aorta transplantation was performed on Male Lewis or Brown-Norwai rats as donors and male Male Lewis rats as recipients. The recipients were divided into 3 groups: Group A (Lewis-Lewis)with no treatment ;Group B (BN-Lewis) with no treatment; Group C (BN-Lewis) received tadalafil treatment (0.5 mg/kg per day). The rats were sacrificed at 8 weeks post treatment. The grafted aortas were used for histology and Western blot assay. Plasma cGMP level was detected by ELISA assay. Results The aortas intimal in group C was significantly thinner than that in group B. PKG-Ⅰprotein expression in group C was significantly higher than that in group B. Expression of RhoA in group C was lower than that in group B. Conclusion Tadalafil has positive effect on chronic allograft vasculopathy.

Islet transplantation alleviates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy rats / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To investigate the mechanism of islet transplantation lessening renal damage of diabetic nephropathy (DN) rat model.Method Rat DN model was established by intraperitoneal injection of a single-dose streptozotocir.The rats were divided into normal control group, DN group and islet transplant group.Islet transplantation was taken on the right renal capsule in transplantation group at 8th week after the modeling.At week 12 after the modeling, the urinary protein, urinary creatinine and blood glucose in each group were determined.The kidneys were collected, and transplant islet HE staining, immunofluorescence, kidney electron microscopy were done.Synaptopodin and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) protein expression was observed in renal tissues of each group by immunohistochemical staining.Result The urine protein and urinary creatinine ratio in islet transplant group was significantly lower than in DN group (P＜0.001).Blood glucose level in islet transplant group had no significant difference (P＞0.05) with the control group, but was significantly lower than in DN group (P ＜ 0.05).Islet cells by HE staining and immunofluorescence staining showed new blood vessels around the islets, and the insulin secretion was exuberant.Under an electron microscope, there was local fusion of podocyte foot processes, and segmental thickening of the basement membrane in DN group;in islet transplant group, the foot processes of podocytes were neat, basement membrane structure was clear and had no thickening.Synaptopodin protein expression was significantly decreased in the glomeruli of DN group and islet transplant group as compared with the control group (P＜0.05), and that in islet transplant group was significantly enhanced (P＜0.05) as compared with DN group.The expression of TGFβ1 in DN group and islet transplant group was significantly increased (P＜0.05) as compared with control group, and that in DN group was significantly higher (P＜0.05) than in islet transplant group.Conclusion Islet transplantation can inhibit TGFβ1 pathway, improve DN podocyte injury in rats, and alleviate or even reverse proteinuria.

Efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for treating erectile dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Erectile dysfunction is common after kidney transplant. The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are the primary drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these drugs in the treatment of erectile dysfunction after kidney transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized controlled trials were identified and extracted from MEDLINE, the Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and reference lists. The database search, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Treatment efficacy was assessed with the International Index of Erectile Function score. RESULTS: There were 3 studies identified that satisfied inclusion criteria. The International Index of Erectile Function score for phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors increased ≥ 9 points compared with placebo (mean difference, 11.81; 95% confidence interval: 9.14-14.48; P < .00001). There were no differences between the phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and placebo in the incidence of adverse events, creatinine levels, or concentrations of cyclosporine or tacrolimus. CONCLUSIONS: Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are effective and safe in treating erectile dysfunction after kidney transplant. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors do not cause changes in kidney function or immunosuppressive drug concentrations after kidney transplant and may be used as the first-line treatment for erectile dysfunction in kidney transplant recipients.

Left nutcracker syndrome and right ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

We report a rare case of left nutcracker syndrome and right ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a young woman who suffered flank pain and hematuria. The diagnosis was confirmed with the help of Doppler ultrasonography, retrograde pyelography, magnetic resonance angiography, and magnetic resonance urography. A surgery that involves left renal vein decompression and dismembered Anderson-Hynes pelvioplasty was performed. The patient was followed up for 23 months, and her symptoms were relieved.

Effect of tacrolimus on blood lipid after renal transplantation and association of G protein beta 3 subunit (GNB3) gene C825T polymorphism to serum lipid levels / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To study the effect of Tacrolimus on blood lipid after renal transplantation,and the relationship between C825T polymorphism in G protein beta 3 subunit (GNB3) gene and serum lipid levels.Method Eighty-one cases of recipients patients after renal transplantation were divided into two groups in terms of Tacrolimus concentration:normal blood concentration group (group A) and low blood concentration group (group B).The serum lipid levels at 1st,3rd,6th,and 12th month after renal transplantation were measured.Genotype was determined by the simple sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR).Result The percentage of patients with hypertriglyceride in group A was significantly higher than in group B during the one-year follow-up period.There was significant difference between the two groups in the serum triglyceride levels but no difference in the serum cholesterol levels.The 825C/T polymorphism in the GNB3 gene was not associated with hypertriglyceride in renal transplantations in Wenzhou.Conclusion The serum triglyceride levels in renal transplantations in Wenzhou was associated with the Tacrolimus concentration,and the incidence of hypertriglyceride is not associated with the 825C/T polymorphism in the GNB3 gene.

Mechanisms of hyperglycemia induced by immunosuppressant FK506 / 中国病理生理杂志

[ABSTRACT]AIM:ToinvestigatetheeffectofimmunosuppressantFK506onserumglucoseinratsandtoex-plore its mechanism .METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats ( n =12 ) were randomly divided into drug group and normal group.The rats in drug group were intraperitoneally injected with FK 506 at dose of 1 mg· kg-1 · d-1 and the rats in nor-mal group received saline (1 mL· kg-1 · d-1 , ip) for 14 d.The fasting weight and fasting glucose were regularly meas-ured every 2 d.Visceral fat was isolated from the rats at the end of experiment .The mRNA expression of adiponectin , lep-tin, visfatin, resistin, retinol-binding protein 4 ( RBP4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ( PPAR-γ) was determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR .The protein expression of PPAR-γand adiponectin was measured by Western blotting .RESULTS:Compared with normal group , the concentration of fasting blood glucose in model group was significantly increased from the 10th day (P<0.05).At day 14, the fasting blood glucose of the model group increased from (5.10 ±0.62) mmol/L to (7.73 ±0.73) mmol/L.No significant change of blood glucose in normal group between the 10th day and the 14th day [from (4.66 ±0.32) mmol/L to (5.80 ±0.10) mmol/L] was observed.Compared with normal group , the mRNA expression of PPAR-γ, adiponectin and leptin in the adipose tissue of model group was signifi-cantly decreased ( P <0.01 ) , whereas the expression of visfatin , resistin and RBP4 was significantly increased ( P <0.05).Compared with normal group, the expression of PPAR-γand adiponectin in model group was decreased (P <0.01).CONCLUSION:FK506 may decrease the expression of PPAR-γto change the expression of adipocytokines and induce hyperglycemia in rats .

Impact of muitidrug resistance 1 gene polymorphisms on Tacrolimus regimen and outcome of grafts in renal transplantation recipients / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of the polymorphisms of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) C3435T and G2677T on Tacrolimus (Tac) individualized treatment and prognosis of grafts in the renal transplantation recipients (RTRs).Methods One hundred and twenty-seven RTRs who treated with Tac regimen and had a stable graft function were enrolled,and were divided into adjuvant treatment group and non-adjuvant treatment group according to whether given adjuvant drugs to raise Tac trough concentrations. MDR1 C3435T and G2677T SNPs were detected by using sequence specific primers PCR.Tac trough concentrations of whole blood were measured by using enzymelabeled immunosorbent assay.Tac concentration-to-dose ratio (C/D) standardized by body weight was compared according to the various genotypes and haplotypes of MDR1 C3435T and G2677TA SNPs.Results Adjuvant treatment group including 36 recipients had a higher frequency of C genotype of C3435T than un-adjuvant treatment group (68.05％ vs 48.35％,P ＜ 0.01 ). The frequency of G2677TA polymorphisms was of no significant difference between the two group recipients (P＞ 0.05).As to non-adjuvant treatment recipients,the mean Tac DD required and C/D were not significantly different among various polymorphisms of MDR1 G2677T/A and C3435T or various haplotypes (P＞0.05).During A follow-up period of 4 years,13 recipients suffered graft dysfunction in which 84.6％ (11/13) carried 3435C genotype (P＞0.05).Conclusion The frequency of MDR1 C3435T polymorphisms in RTRs is high in the recipients given adjuvant treatment to raise Tac concentrations.Recipients with 3435C genotype were prone to graft dysfunction.

Protective effect of sirolimus on water-electrolyte imbalance following bilateral ureteral obstruction in rats / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of renal function defects after urinary obstruction and investigate the effect of sirolimus on the expression of γ-ENaC,Na + K + ATPase and AQP2,and its mechanism of renal Water-Electrolyte imbalance following bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) in rat kidneys.Methods Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group ( sham group),a BUO group,and a sirolimus treatment after BUO group.Bilateral ureters were exposed and occluded with ligature in the BUO and sirolimus treatment groups.Twenty-four hours later,the obstructed ureters were decompressed by removal of the ligature.The sham animal group underwent identical surgical procedures,but the ureter was simply dissected without removal of the ligature.The sirolimus treatment groups was given sirolimus intragastricly 0.4 ml per day (2 mg/kg · d) from the day before surgery until the rats were scari fled.The sham and BUO groups were given the same volume of intragastric saline.The urine and blood were collected at 4 d,7 d after surgery,and the functional data were observed.The expression of γ-ENaC,Na+K + ATPase and AQP2 were examined by immnohistochemistry and immunoblotting.Results On day four and seven post ureteral obstruction release,urine volume in the BUO group were (85.31 ± 13.15,66.39 ±10.56 ml),significantly higher than that of sham operation (35.36 ± 7.74,33.90 ± 8.03 ml) and sirolimus treatment groups (69.81 ± 10.70 ml,48.57 ± 9.01 ml) (P ＜ 0.05 ).Urine sodium concentrations in the BUO group were (42.17 ± 7.35 mmol/L,43.63 ± 18.39 mmoL/L),significantly lower than that of sham operation ( 170.56 ± 18.39 mmoL/L,172.52 ± 7.35 mmol/L) and sirolimus treatment groups (76.18 ± 13.20 mmol/L,134.28 ± 13.20 mmol/L),P ＜ 0.05.Immunoblotting assay showed that,on day four and seven post rats ureteral obstructions were released,integral optical density of γ-ENaC (2.09 ±0.32,2.27 ±0.35),Na+ K+ATP enzyme (2.41 ±0.48,2.67 ±0.43) and AQP2 (2.17 ±0.45,2.63 ±0.28) in the sirolimus treatment group were significantly higher than those of BUO group ( 1.28 ± 0.21,1.45 ±0.17) (1.99 ±0.28,2.18±0.24) (0.93 ±0.22,1.31 ±0.16),but still lower than the sham group (2.58±0.51,2.60±0.56) (2.89±0.53,2.97 ±0.66) (3.05 ±0.63,3.10±0.67).There were significant differences among all the three groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The downregulation of γ-ENaC,Na + K + ATPase and AQP2 expression after BUO may contribute to the impaired renal tubular sodium reabsorption,decreased urinary concentration,and postobstructive polyuria.Sirolimus treatment significantly prevents impairment in renal function and also prevents downregulation of y-ENaC,Na + K+ ATPase and AQP2during BUO,demonstrating a marked renoprotective effect of sirolimus treatment in conditions with urinary tract obstruction.

The application of universal stem loop primer for microRNA scanning and quantification / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective To establish a universal stem loop primer (USLP) based real-time PCR method to scan mature miR profile and quantify it's expression.Methods The common universal stem-loop primer pairs were re-designed; 8 random nucleotides were introduced at 3 ' end for reverse transcription of the mature miR,establishing a miR scanning and quantifying system based on SYBR Green Ⅰ PCR (improved USLP method).10-fold gradient diluted standard miRNA-155 cDNA ( 1 ～ 109 copies/μ1) were utilized to evaluate the sensitivity of this method.The specificity was verified by melting curve assay; the precision was assessed by intra-assay coefficient of variation (ICV) of threshold cycle (Ct value) through 20 repeated detections of the standard miR-155 cDNA (2 × 105,2 × 106,2 × 107 copies/μl) ; cost of the primers and time were evaluated,compared with that of the conventional USLP method.Peripheral blood samples were cultured with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) for0 h,16 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h,and 87 candidate miR that may be associated with human immunity from PubMed data were scanned and quantified from the cultured T cells.Results The sensitivity of the improved USLP method was 103 copies/μl of standard miR-155 cDNA.Melting curve assay showed a single melting peak at 80 ℃,suggesting the excellent PCR specificity of miR-155.Precision of our method quantifying miR-155 was acceptable (ICV ＜ 2.5％ ).Compared with the traditional stem loop primers,our method saved 75％ cost of primers ( 1 917 bp vs 7 851 bp) and 60％ test time of reverse transcription (85 min vs 205 min).By our method,85 of the 87 miR expression in T cells had no significant difference after the PHA stimulation; the expression of miR-150 (72 h) decreased by 10 times and that of miR-155 (48 h) increased 8 times after culture with PHA (Z =-2.032,P =0.042;Z =- 2.023,P =0.043,respectively ).Conclusions The improved USLP method is fast,precise,sensitive,and cost-effective.It could be used for miR profile scanning and quantifying in T cells.

Mycophenolate mofetil suppresses differentiation and proliferation of helper T cells 17 in mice / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To observe the effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on the differentiation and proliferation of Helper T cells 17 (TH 17),so as to reveal its role and the possible mechanism in inducing immunological suppression.Methods Sixteen Balb/c mice of SPF level aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into two groups:MMF group and control group,with 8 mice in each group.In MMF group,the mice received intragastric administration of MMF (40 mg·kg-1· day-1 ),and those in control group received intragastric administration of identical volumetric saline every day.After three weeks,peripheral blood was collected and spleen cells were prepared.Flow cytometry was used to determine the proportions of CD4+ TH 17 and CD4+ CD25+ Tregs,then the ratio of TH 17/Tregs was calculated,and the concentrations of interleukin-1 7 (IL-1 7) and interleukin-23 (IL-23) in serum were measured by ELISA.Results The proportion of CD4+ TH 17 in the peripheral blood and spleen was (1.95 ± 0.08) and (2.42 ± 0.06) in MMF group,and (3.19 ± 0.07)％ and (4.21 ± 0.25)％ in control group,respectively.There were significant differences between the two groups (P ＜0.05).Meanwhile,the ratio of TH 17/Tregs in MMF group,both in the peripheral blood and spleen,was significantly decreased as compared with the control group (P＜0.05).The concentration of IL-17 in MMF group was lower,but that of IL-23 in MMF group was higher than in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion MMF could obviously suppress the differentiation and proliferation of CD4+ TH 17 in vivo,reduce the ratio of TH17/Tregs and the IL-17 secretion,thus facilitate the induction of immune tolerance.

Hypothesis of 'saturated or nonsaturated cytotoxicity model' clarifies antibodies mediated immunoreaction in transplant recipient / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To develop the hypothesis ‘saturated or non-saturated cytotoxicity model' and explain the various phenomena of antibody mediated immunoresponses in recipients,including rejection and accommodation.Methods The imitating complement dependent cytotoxicity.The threshold set to identify as saturated or non-saturated cytotoxicity depends on antigen-antibody complex(R)whether or not above lethal number(D)in effective time.Feasibility of the hypothesis was examined through explaining various phenomena mediated by anti-donor antibodies,especially some contradictory phenomena.Results Hyperacute rejection,accelerated rejection and acute rejection could be well explained by saturated cytotoxicity.Accommodation of ABO imcompatible transplantion,de novo antibody induced injury,change of protein profile,and C4d deposition in graft could be well elucidated by the hypothesis.Conclusion The hypothesis saturated or nonsaturated cytotoxicity model' help to interpret and interconnect various phenomena of antibodies mediated immune response,such as rejection and accommodation.

Effect of anti-apoptotic protein HSP-90 in human multiple myeloma cell line U266 cells with bortezomib / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective To investigate the effect of anti-apoptotic protein HSP-90 in human multiple myeloma cell line U266 cells after bertezomib interaction. Methods The HSP-90 mRNA expression in the U266 cells was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after 4 hours of treatment of bertezomib by different concentration. Results With the of increased concentration of bortezomib, the expression level of HSP-90 αmRNA was also increased in U266 cells. Respectively, quantitative results of HSP-90α are 0.343±0.017, 0.505±0.039, 0.640±0.029, 0.760±0.059, 0.963±0.054 from the low to high concentration of bertezomib groups. And there are statistical difference between each group(P <0.05). However, the HSP-90β quantitative results in 0 nmol/L concentration of bertezomib (0.61±0.022) have statistical difference between 50, 150, 200 nmol/L groups(P <0.05). HSP-90β quantitative results in 50(0.765±0.050)and 100 nmol/L(0.645±0.052) nmol/L groups are different(P <0.05). Compared with 100 nmol/L concentration of bortezomib group, statistical difference also exists in 150 (0.770±0.059) and 200 nmol/L (0.790±0.027)groups (P <0.05). Although there is no obvious increase in the mRNA expression of HSP-90β from the chart, statistical difference existed in the whole data (P <0.05). Conclusion Bortezomib can increase the level expression of HSP-90 mRNA, and especially increase the level expression of HSP-90α mRNA.

Expression of Survivin in T lymphocytes from allografts and its clinical significance / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of survivin in T lymphocytes that were stimulated by Con A and alloantigens in renal grafts in vitro and in vivo. Methods According to the different treatments, the experiment was divided into three parts. (1) The C57BL/6 mice splenocytes stimulated by Con A (10 mg/L) were cultured in the RPMI-1640 medium. Following the proliferation blockade or not, the expression of Survivin in the splenocytes was detected. (2) The GVHR model was established by transfusing the C57BL/6 mice splenocytes into Balb/c× C57BL/6 F1 mice, and the expression of Survivin in the donor splenocytes was detected at the different time points. (3) Seventythree cases of clinical renal allograft biopsy specimens were collected, pathologically diagnosed and classified according to the Banff 97 classification, and then the expression of Survivin was detected.Results Survivin was expressed in the CD3+ splenocytes that received Con A stimulation. The positive cell count reached the peak on the day 3, and subsequently declined. In the GVHR model, the lymphocytes infiltration and Survivin expression were detected around the portal vein and portal area on the post-splenocytes-transfused day (PSTD) 4 to 12. But on the PSTD 14, the Survivin expression could not be detected in the infiltrated lymphocytes. In the renal allograft biopsy specimens,lymphocytes did not express Survivin in 13 specimens of the group without acute cellular rejection.was difference between the two groups (P＜0. 01 ). Conclusion The activated T cells possess the capacity to express Survivin, and the expression is time-dependent. For the characteristics of Survivin expression of T cells, it may be applied as an approach to diagnose the acute cellular rejection and judge its degree and stage in the clinical allograft biopsy specimens.

Evaluation of a modified Chinese version of the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To revise the Chinese version of the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CHN-NIH-CPSD), and evaluate its feasibility, reliability, validity and responsiveness. Methods The NIH-CPSI was translated into Chinese according to a standard methodology including forward-backward-forward technique. The CHN-NIH-CPSI was pre-tested in consecutive samples of 162 native-speaking Chinese chronic prostatitis(CP)patients. Ninety-five of 162 filled the index again on the same day and after 4-week therapy. Ninety-seven healthy men were included as evaluated. Results The recovery of the questionnaires was 100% and all the patients filled the index completely. The mean time to complete the questionnaire for the patient group was 5.2±2.4 (range 2 - 12) min. The split-half reliability was 0.82. For the overall index and each subscale, the test-retest reliability was 0.98, 0. 98, 0. 98, 0. 97, respectively(P＜0.01);and the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0. 61,0. 71, 0. 59, 0. 75, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis showed good construct validity with a goodness of fit index of 0. 85 and a x2 of 124.67(P＜0. 01). Of all 162 patients, the scores of the overall index and each subscale were 23. 33±5.91. 8. 80±4.26, 5.30±2.82, 9. 23±1.90, respectively;and those of healthy controls were 1. 95±1.97, 0. 37±1.03, 0. 15±0.58, 1.42± 1.20,respectively. Of the 95 patients, the original scores were 23. 53±5.60, 9.21 ±4.04, 5.10±2.75,9.21 ±2.05, comparing with 19.47±6.36, 7.79±3.95, 3. 58±1.88, 8.11±2.50, the 4 weeks later scores. The group t-test and paired t-test showed good responsiveness. Conclusions The CHN-NIH-CPSI has high feasibility, reliability, validity and responsiveness for testing the patients with CP. It is suitable for Chinese-speaking patients and helpful for cross-cultural comparisons of men with CP in clinical and research settings.

Hydrodynamics-based transfection of IL-10 and TGF-β1 plasmids prolonging the graft survival in murine skin transplant model / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of hydrodynamics-based injection with plasmids of IL-10, TGF-β1 and TGF-β1 + IL-10 in murine skin transplantation model. Methods Plasmids were constructed by inserting coding sequences of IL-10 and TGF-β1. In F1 mice (Balb/c×C57BL/6, H-2b/d) to Balb/c (H-2d) murine skin transplant model, 20 μg plasmid (blank or IL-10 or TGF-β1 or IL-10 + TGF-β1) was injected to donors by hydrodynamics-based method in first day and every interval 2 days for 6 times. The survival of grafts was observed after 7 days of transplantation. After C56BL/6 spleen cells transfused Balb/c accepted 5 times hydrodynamics-based injection as above,CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells of spleen were measured by FACS. Results The survival time of graft in each group was (13.50±1.04)days (blank group), (13.83±1.16)days (IL-10 group), (15.33±1.50) days (TGF-β1 group), and (21.33±3.20) days (IL-10 + TGF-β1 group),respectively (P<0.05). The percentage of CD4+ CD25+ cells was (6. 58±1.86)% (blank group),(10.52±1.13)% (IL-10 group),(14.44±0.42)% (TGF-β1 group),and (14.25±1.24)% (IL-10+TGF-β1 group) respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion Hydrodynamics-based transfection of IL-10 combined with TGF-β1 can synergistically enhance the percentage of CD4+ CD25+ T cells and prolong the graft survival.