Identification of effective alleles and haplotypes conferring pre-harvest sprouting resistance in winter wheat cultivars.

BACKGROUND: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is a serious limiting factor for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and end-use quality. Identification of reliable molecular markers and PHS-resistant germplasms is vital to improve PHS resistance by molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS), but the effects of allelic variation and haplotypes in genes conferring PHS resistance in winter wheat cultivars are less understood. RESULTS: Resistance to PHS was tested in 326 commercial winter wheat cultivars for three consecutive growing seasons from 2018-2020. The effects of alleles and haplotypes of 10 genes associated with PHS resistance were determined for all cultivars and were validated by introgressing the PHS-resistance allele and haplotype into a susceptible wheat cultivar. High level of phenotypic variation in PHS resistance was observed in this set of cultivars and 8 of them were highly resistant to PHS with stable germination index (GI) of less than 25% in each individual year. Allelic effects of nine genes and TaMFT haplotype analysis demonstrated that the haplotype Hap1 with low-GI alleles at five positions had the best PHS resistance. This haplotype has the priority to use in improving PHS resistance because of its high effectiveness and rare present in the current commercial cultivars. Among 14 main allelic combinations (ACs) identified, the AC1 carrying the haplotype Hap1 and the TaSdr-B1a allele had better PHS resistance than the other classes. The introgression of Hap1 and TaSdr-B1a is able to significantly improve the PHS resistance in the susceptible cultivar Lunxuan 13. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of alleles conferring PHS resistance in winter wheat cultivars was determined and the useful alleles and haplotypes were identified, providing valuable information for parental selection and MAS aiming at improving PHS-resistance in winter wheat. The identification of the PHS-resistant cultivars without known resistance alleles offers an opportunity to explore new PHS-resistant genes.

Application of video education combined with Teach-back in implant restoration treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the application effect of video education combined with Teach-back in the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods:Using non-simultaneous experimental research methods, From January to August in 2019, 41 patients with chronic periodontitis who underwent implant restoration in Shanghai Tenth People′s Hospital was selected by convenience sampling method as the control group, and implemented routine oral health education. From September 2019 to May 2020, 42 patients with chronic periodontitis who underwent implant restoration in Shanghai Tenth People′s Hospital were the observation group, and implemented video education combined with Teach-back. Compare the two groups of oral health care self-efficacy, periodontal clinical indicators, and the incidence of peri-implant mucositis.Results:Comparing 6 months and 12 months after implant restoration, the total scores of oral health self-efficacy and regular oral visits, correct brushing, and balanced diet in the observation group were 66.31 ± 4.32 and 67.19 ± 4.65, 22.04 ± 1.35 and 21.69 ± 1.82, 21.73 ± 1.65 and 22.64 ± 1.82, 22.54 ± 1.62 and 22.86 ± 1.74 respectively, which were higher than the control group 53.93 ± 4.78 and 54.09 ± 5.67, 17.02 ± 2.58 and 17.43 ± 2.16, 17.65 ± 1.74 and 18.54 ± 2.36, 19.14 ± 2.13 and 18.12 ± 2.58, the difference between the two groups at the two time points were statistically significant ( t values were 6.52-12.39, all P<0.05). And the PLI, mSBI, and PIS scores of the observation group were 0.80 ± 0.17 and 0.75 ± 0.14, 0.79 ± 0.19 and 0.81 ± 0.18, 2.08 ± 0.45 and 2.10 ± 0.53, respectively, which were lower than the control group 0.92 ± 0.19 and 0.99 ± 0.21, 1.03 ± 0.17 and 1.16 ± 0.21, 2.45 ± 0.68 and 2.62 ± 0.61, the difference between the two groups at the two time points were statistically significant ( t values were 2.93-8.16, all P<0.05). 12 months after, the incidence of mucositis around implants in the observation group was 7.14%(3/42), which was lower than 26.83%(11/41)in the control group ( χ2=5.73, P<0.05). Conclusions:Video education combined with Teach-back can improve the self-efficacy of oral health care during implant restoration treatment in patients with chronic periodontitis, improve oral health care behavior, thereby improving the periodontal condition around the implant and reducing the incidence of mucositis.

Role of PPARγ signaling pathway in osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells in simulated microgravity / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling pathway in osteo- blast differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured in simulated microgravity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat BMSCs were cultured in simulated microgravity (by rotating clinostat) in the presence of 10 µmol/L pioglitazone, 10 µmol/L GW9662, or both pioglitazone and GW9662, with the cells cultured in normal gravity as the control group. After osteogenic induction for 14 days, the cells were stained with alizarin red for the bone nodules and with oil red-O for the fat cells, and the fat rate was calculated. ALP activity in the cells was determined in each group, and RT-PCR was performed to detect cellular expressions of PPARγ mRNA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pioglitazone significantly inhibited osteoblast differentiation of the BMSCs, whereas GW9662 promoted the cell differentiation by suppressing the activation of PPARγ.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We hypothesize that the activation of PPARγ signaling pathway is one of the main mechanisms for inhibited osteoblast differentiation of rat BMSCs in simulated microgravity, and inhibiting PPARγ pathway activation can effectively prevent and treat microgravity-induced osteoporosis.</p>

Proper dosage of fentanyl for open heart surgery performed under CPB without cardioplegia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To determine the proper dosage of fentanyl for open heart surgery performed under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) without aortic cross-clamping and cardioplegia.Methods Twenty-seven ASA Ⅰ -H patients (10 male, 17 female) with fairly good cardiac function (NYHA Ⅰ - Ⅱ) scheduled for surgical repair of atrioseptal defect ( ASD) or ventricular septal defect (VSD) or mitral valve replacement (MVR) were studied. Age ranged from 18 to 44 years and body weight from 35 to 58 kg. The patients were randomly divided into three fentanyl dosage groups: group Ⅰ 10?kg ; group II 30 ?g kg-1 and group Ⅲ 50 ?g kg-1. Premedication consisted of intramuscular pethidine 1-2 mg kg-1 and scopolamine 0.05-0.06 mg kg-1 . Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.2 mg kg-1 and fentanyl 5 ?g kg-1 . Tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.15 mg g-1 . The patients were mechanically ventilated (Vr 8-10 ml kg-1 ,F 10-12 bpm,FiO2 100% ). The rest of the total dose of fentanyl (5 ?g kg-1 in group I , 25 ?g kg-1 in group II , 45 ?g kg-1 in group III) was infused after induction of anesthesia until the initiation of CPB, supplemented with inhalation of 0.6 % isoflurane. During CPB propofol was infused at 5 mg kg-1 h-1 . after discontinuation of CPB, again 0.6% isoflurane was inhaled until the end of surgery. Vecuronium 0.05 mg kg was given every 25-30 min during operation. EGG, HR, BP, CVP, SpO2, PET CO2 and body temperature (naso-pharyngeal and rectal) were continuously monitored during operation. Arterial blood samples were obtained before anesthesia (T0), 5 min after tracheal intubation (T, ) , immediately after thoracotomy (T2) , immediately before CPB (T3), 15 min after CPB was initiated (T4) , 10 min after termination of CPB (T5) and 5 min after chest was closed (T6) for blood gas analyses and determination of blood electrolytes and acid-base balance and blood concentrations of glucose, ACTH, angiotensin Ⅱ (A- Ⅱ ) and cortisol. Time of emergence from anesthesia and extubation were recorded.Results The demographic data, including age and body weight, CPB time and duration of surgery were comparable among the three groups. There were no significant changes in SpO2 , PETCO2 , body temperature, blood gases and electrolytes during operation in the three groups. MAP decreased significantly during CPB. The blood glucose, ACTH, A- Ⅱ and cortisol concentrations increased significantly during and after CPB as compared with the preanesthetic baseline (T0 ) ( P