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Environ Health Perspect ; 120(12): 1684-91, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23014793

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is linked to developmental deficits and disorders with known cerebellar involvement. However, direct biological effects and underlying neurochemical mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify and evaluate underlying neurochemical change in the rat cerebellum with ETS exposure during critical period development. METHODS: We exposed rats to daily ETS (300, 100, and 0 µg/m3 total suspended particulate) from postnatal day 8 (PD8) to PD23 and then assayed the response at the behavioral, neuroproteomic, and cellular levels. RESULTS: Postnatal ETS exposure induced heightened locomotor response in a novel environment on par initially with amphetamine stimulation. The cerebellar mitochondrial subproteome was significantly perturbed in the ETS-exposed rats. Findings revealed a dose-dependent up-regulation of aerobic processes through the modification and increased translocation of Hk1 to the mitochondrion with corresponding heightened ATP synthase expression. ETS exposure also induced a dose-dependent increase in total Dnm1l mitochondrial fission factor; although more active membrane-bound Dnm1l was found at the lower dose. Dnm1l activation was associated with greater mitochondrial staining, particularly in the molecular layer, which was independent of stress-induced Bcl-2 family dynamics. Further, electron microscopy associated Dnm1l-mediated mitochondrial fission with increased biogenesis, rather than fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS: The critical postnatal period of cerebellar development is vulnerable to the effects of ETS exposure, resulting in altered behavior. The biological effect of ETS is underlain in part by a Dnm1l-mediated mitochondrial energetic response at a time of normally tight control. These findings represent a novel mechanism by which environmental exposure can impact neurodevelopment and function.


Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/toxicity , Cerebellum/drug effects , Environmental Exposure , Mitochondria/drug effects , Motor Activity/drug effects , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Cerebellum/growth & development , Cerebellum/physiology , Chromatography, Liquid , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Dynamins/metabolism , Hexokinase/metabolism , Immunoblotting , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Mitochondria/physiology , Mitochondrial Dynamics/drug effects , Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases/metabolism , Proteome/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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