Central and peripheral fat body mass have a protective effect on osteopenia or osteoporosis in adults and elderly?

UNLABELLED: This cross-sectional study involves randomly selected men aged 50 to 99 years and postmenopausal women. Either central fat mass or peripheral fat mass were associated to osteoporosis or osteopenia independently from fat-free body mass and other confounding factors. INTRODUCTION: Obesity and osteoporosis are public health problems that probably share common pathophysiological mechanisms. The question if body fat mass, central or peripheral, is protective or harmful for osteoporosis or osteopenia is not completely resolved. This study aims to investigate the association between osteoporosis or osteopenia, and fat body mass (central and peripheral) independently from fat-free body mass, in men aged 50 to 99 years old and postmenopausal women randomly selected in the community. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional investigation with a random sample of registered population in Niterói Family Doctor Program (FDP), State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bone mineral density (BMD) and fat-free mass were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). RESULTS: There was statistically significant bivariate association between bone loss with gender, age, skin color, alcohol consumption at risk dose, use of thiazide, fat-free body mass, and fat body mass (central and peripheral). In the multiple analysis of fat-free body mass, central and peripheral fat body mass showed an independent and protective effect on the presence of osteoporosis or osteopenia (p value <0.001). CONCLUSION: Since both obesity and osteoporosis are public health problems worldwide, strategies aimed at preventing both conditions should be encouraged during aging.

Validation and calibration of mercury intake through self-referred fish consumption in riverine populations in Pantanal Mato-grossense, Brazil.

The objective of most epidemiological studies is to classify/rank people according to their relative quantity of consumption. In the specific case of quantifying fish consumption, in order to assess mercury intake rate, the method used must estimate the individual quantity consumed accurately, or from the self-referred quantity it must be possible to estimate the real consumption-termed calibration. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate and calibrate the 24-h recall method for assessing the amount of fish consumed to estimate the mercury intake in riverine populations from Baixada Cuiabana, in Pantanal Mato-grossense, Brazil. The weighed dietary method was used as the reference standard, and the validity of the 24-h recall method was assessed using correlation coefficients (r), regression coefficients (beta), and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The results showed that the ICC, which assesses the agreement level between measures, was a more adequate measure than the correlation coefficient (r). Therefore, the calibration equation was calculated applying a multiple linear regression model using the consumption mean of the second and third days, which presented the highest ICC, stratified by sex and adjusted by age and season variables.

Exposure to mercury in pregnant women from Alta Floresta-Amazon basin, Brazil.

The region of Alta Floresta in the South of the Amazon basin, close to the Teles Pires River, was one of the main prospecting gold areas in the Amazon Basin until the beginning of the 1990s. The economic growth was accompanied by a considerable increase in the population, due to a massive influx of migrants from the southern region of the country. Women had an important role during that process. They worked in the "garimpos" in different activities, such as cooking or managing, where they were exposed mainly to indoor elemental mercury during burning of amalgam. They also worked in gold dealers' shops, where a great amount of amalgam was burned daily. Fish consumption was an important dietary protein source and also a possible exposure pathway, due to the high Hg concentrations reported in carnivorous species. The present study evaluates the mercury uptake and consequent risks involved for pregnant women from Alta Floresta at the end of the gold rush period. The survey included women at different pregnancy stages and it was supported by clinical exams, followed by an interview with a specific questionnaire. Mercury hair concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 8.2 microg/g were found among women, with 13% of them showing concentrations above 2 microg/g. According to the results, mean differences in hair mercury concentration were statistically higher for pregnant women if they had worked in gold mining areas, they had consumed alcohol, their husbands had worked as "garimpeiros," they ate fish, and/or they had malaria before and/or during pregnancy

Indicadores das condiçöes nutricionais na Regiäo do Polonoroeste: I. Aspectos metodológicos e características sócio-econômicas / Nutritional conditions indicators in Polonoroeste area: I. Methodological aspects and socio-economic characteristics

O trabalho apresenta os princípios metodológicos que nortearam a organizaçäo da Pesquisa Inquérito Nutricional no Polonoroeste. Foram incluídas, também as informaçöes sobre as característics sócio-econômicas e sanitárias das famílias estudadas em 1985 na zona urbana de Cáceres-MT. Destas 74% eram radicadas em Cáceres e 13,5% provinham de outros estados ou de outros países, sendo que 76,2% residiam em zona urbana. Quanto a categoria social e renda 52% eram urbanos e 51,0% recebia menos de 2 salários mínimos. O inquérito näo atingia os 2 setores mais pobres e populosos da cidade onde as condiçöes säo piores e onde vive a maioria da populaçäo que migrou mais recentemente para Cáceres

Indicadores das condiçöes nutricionais na regiäo do Polonoroeste: II. Estudo antropométrico - 1983 / Nutritional conditions indicators in Polonoroeste area: II. Anthropometric study - 1983

Realizou-se o estudo do estado nutricional através da antropometria com o objetivo de descrever a prevalência e a forma da Desnutriçäo Protéico-Energética em seis cidades da regiäo do Polonoroeste. O exame antropométrico foi aplicado em um grupo de 573 crianças de 3 a 72 meses de idade, de ambos os sexos. Para o tratamento dos dados coletadoss utilizou-se as classificaçöes propostas por GOMEZ e por WATERLOW, sendo ainda realizada a distribuiçäo do peso e a altura por faixas de percentis. A prevalência de desnutriçäo encontrada, segundo a classificaçäo de GOMEZ, foi de 51,0%, sendo que o maior percentual foi constatado na cidade de Jauru (79,2%) e o menor na cidade de Araputanga (31,3%). Quanto à forma de desnutriçäo a de maior prevalência foi a desnutriçäo pregressa, mostrando com isso um comprometimento acentuado da estatura, confirmado através da distribuiçäo por percentis

Indicadores das condiçöes nutricionais na regiäo do Polonoroeste: III. Estudo clínico nutricional / Nutritional status indicators in Polonoroeste area: III. Clinical nutritional study

O estudo do exame clínico-nutricional é parte do Inquérito Nutricional, realizado no "Diagnóstico em Saúde do Polonoroeste-MT em 1983". No intuito de reconhecer a situaçäo nutricional da populaçäo da regiäo em estudo, o grupo do Inquérito Nutricional procedeu ao estudo do Consumo Alimentar das famílias, ao estudo dos dados antropométricos e de sinais clínico-nutricionais de crianças na faixa etária de 3 a 72 meses. Foram examinadas 585 crianças da amostra como proposta por SANCHES & CARVALHEIRO adaptado por MEIRELLES e SANCHES. O exame clínico-nutricional foi realizado segundo a metodologia recomendada por JELLIFFE. Foram encontrados sinais clínicos sugestivos de carência nutricional em 6,6% das crianças; sinais de anemia em 9,7% e de bócio em 2,7%. Näo foi possível definir com precisäo outros quadros carenciais

Indicadores das condiçöes nutricionais na regiäo do Polonoroeste: IV. Inquérito alimentar em famílias de seis cidades da regiäo do Polonoroeste, Mato Grosso, Brasil, 1983 / Nutritional conditions indicators in Polonoroeste area: IV. Food inquiry in families in 6 cities of Polonoroeste, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 1983

O trabalho se refere aos dados coletados em inquérito alimentar recordatório de 24h no Inquérito Nutricional da Pesquisa Diagnóstico em Saúde no Polonoroeste em 1983 em 6 cidades da regiäo do Polonoroeste/MT. Como uma primeira aproximaçäo da problemática alimentar da regiäo, o estudo revela os alimentos mais referidos nas entrevistas que säo alimentos básicos, fontes de energia, semi-industrializados e de custo mais baixo

Indicadores das condiçöes nutricionais na regiäo do Polonoroeste: VI. Estudo antropométrico, 1985 / Nutritional conditions indicators in Polonoroeste area: VI. Anthropometric study, 1985

A presença da Desnutriçäo Protéico-Calórica tem sido expressiva no país, retratando diferenças sociais e econômicas das distintas regiöes. Como parte da Pesquisa Diagnóstico em Saúde Polonoroeste/1985, realizou-se um estudo antropométrico de peso e altura, em uma amostra de 405 crianças, menores de 6 anos de idade, em Cáceres/MT. Segundo os critérios de GOMEZ, a prevalência da desnutriçäo foi de 33%, 40% de desnutridos moderados e näo sendo registrada a forma grave. A Classificaçäo de WATERLOW indicou a desnutriçäo pregressa (36%) como a de maior prevalência, sendo os déficits de estatura mais acentuados nas faixas etárias menores de 2 anos, indicando que os programas de saúde à criança, nesta área, devam priorizar os aspectos nutricionais deste grupo etário

A study of the clinical characteristics and treatment of oral carcinoma in situ.

Twelve patients with oral carcinoma in situ were examined to clarify the clinical features and the most suitable therapy for this lesion. Seven cases were classified clinically as the erythroplakic type, two as the leukoplakic type, and three as the mixed type. The cumulative survival rate of ten cases, excluding two cases with lesions of the soft palate, was 100% in 10 years. Of 12 lesions of oral carcinoma in situ 50% progressed into invasive carcinoma. Erythroplakic lesions of oral carcinoma in situ were more aggressive than the other two types. The most suitable therapy for this lesion is prompt surgical treatment.

[Long-term prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma histologically judged to have been eliminated by the treatment with bleomycin alone].

This study was intended to reveal the long-term prognosis in 21 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma evaluated histologically as having disappeared by bleomycin treatment. Of 16 cases treated with bleomycin alone, recurrence was observed in 4, and cervical metastases in 2, with survival achieved for 5 years or more in 7 (more than 10 years in 3). No recurrence was observed in 5 patients in whom surgery was additionally performed after the bleomycin treatment, but cervical metastasis was found in one of them. In the cases with epithelial dysplasia after bleomycin therapy, recurrence and metastasis were frequent compared to those with normal epithelium, and this discrepancy was of statistical significance. It has been proved that there are long-term survivors among patients with oral carcinoma treated with bleomycin alone.

Surface roughness of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa.

The surface roughness value of 39 oral squamous cell carcinomas was measured by the Rmax method. The means of the eight measurement values of each carcinoma ranged from 87 micron to 1176 micron. The average value of all 39 lesions was 341 micron. The average value of the lesions of the papillomatous and granulomatous types was larger than that of the leukoplakic and erosive types. The lesions with the size of more than 2 cm in diameter were rougher than those of less than 2 cm. The lesions of the gingiva were rougher than those on the tongue. There was an inclination that the surface of the verrucous carcinoma was rougher than that of the invasive squamous cell carcinoma and that the surface of early carcinoma was smoother than that of the invasive squamous cell carcinoma.