ABSTRACT
The efficacy of switching from one type of H2-receptor antagonist (H2-blocker) to another, in the treatment of H2-blocker-resistant ulcers was investigated using H2-blockers with five-membered rings (five-membered-ring agents)--such as cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine--and an H2-blocker with a six-membered ring, roxatidine. By switching from a five-membered-ring agent to roxatidine in the treatment of five-membered-ring resistant ulcers (study I), gastric ulcers were healed in nine of 19 patients (47%) and duodenal ulcers were healed in eight of nine patients (89%). By switching from roxatidine to one of the five-membered-ring agents in the treatment of roxatidine-resistant ulcers (study II), gastric ulcer was healed in six of 15 patients (40%), and duodenal ulcer was healed in 4 of 10 patients (40%). Particularly in the case of duodenal ulcers, the switch to treatment with roxatidine, which has a different chemical structure from the five-membered-ring agents, may be useful in the treatment of five-membered-ring-resistant ulcers.
Subject(s)
Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use , Duodenal Ulcer/drug therapy , Histamine H2 Antagonists/therapeutic use , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy , Adult , Cimetidine/therapeutic use , Famotidine/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ranitidine/therapeutic use , RecurrenceABSTRACT
The effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) administration before mating on reproduction was studied using male and female Sprague Dawley strain rats, and was evaluated over three generations. CPZ in dose of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg was orally administered to both male and female rats (F0 generation) every day for 2 weeks before mating with the following results: 1) The incidence of insemination and pregnancy of the F0 generation rats decreased but did not decrease in the F1 generation. While no influence of CPZ on the number of myometrial glands, on the length of pregnancy or on delivery was noted in either the F0 or F1 females, the number of surviving fetuses and newborns decreased in a dose-dependent fashion. 2) The body weight of rats in the F0 and F1 generations decreased depending on the dosage of CPZ, but the body weight of the F2 generation increased. 3) The wet weight of the major organs of the male and female rats in the F0 generation was affected by CPZ when administered at 100 mg/kg. The weight of the adrenal, pituitary and prostate glands in males, the adrenal gland and ovary in females increased, whereas the weight of the pituitary and uterus in females decreased. These results suggest that administering CPZ to the F0 rats before mating exerts an influence on the reproduction in both the F0 and F1 generations.
Subject(s)
Chlorpromazine/toxicity , Reproduction/drug effects , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Estrus/drug effects , Female , Fetus/drug effects , Insemination/drug effects , Male , Organ Size/drug effects , Pregnancy , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Rats , Rats, Inbred StrainsABSTRACT
To investigate the possible role of pepsin in ulceration induced by hydrogen ion back-diffusion, the ratio of alkali-labile pepsinogen to total pepsinogen was studied during the course of aspirin- and taurocholate-induced gastric ulceration in comparison with the changes in the ion permeability and histological findings. The results obtained were as follows. (1) The increase in the ulcer index was observed between 1 and 2 hr with intragastric aspirin and between 2 and 4 hr with intragastric taurocholate. (2) The back-diffusion of luminal hydrogen ions, observed as a significant decrease in hydrogen ion net flux, occurred immediately in both cases with aspirin and with taurocholate. (3) A significant increase in the ratio of alkali-labile to total pepsinogen in the homogenate of gastric mucosa was observed at 30 min with aspirin and at 60 min with taurocholate. (4) Histological examination revealed the degeneration of mucosal cells spreading from the luminal surface into the mucosa, which fell off after 120 min with aspirin. These findings indicate that the activated pepsin is involved in the ulcer formation caused by the hydrogen ion back-diffusion, although the origin of the activated pepsin is not clear at the present time.
Subject(s)
Gastric Mucosa/enzymology , Pepsin A/metabolism , Stomach Ulcer/etiology , Animals , Aspirin/adverse effects , Diffusion , Gastric Mucosa/drug effects , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Male , Necrosis , Pepsinogens/metabolism , Rats , Stimulation, Chemical , Taurocholic Acid/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Duodenal Ulcer/physiopathology , Gastric Juice/metabolism , Stomach Ulcer/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Child , Humans , Middle Aged , Pepsin A/metabolism , TetragastrinABSTRACT
Trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (ferulic acid, FA) antagonized the effect of exogenous androgens on the ventral prostate (VP) in castrated rats as well as the effect of endogenous androgens in intact rats. FA, however, had no effect on the seminal vesicles (SV) and levator ani muscle (LAM), nor oestrogenic effect in female rats and mice. FA did not antagonize the receptor binding of testosterone nor inhibit the conversion of testosterone into 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT).
