Xanthogranulomatous Salpingitis Presenting as Pyosalpinx in a Non-Sexually Active Adolescent Girl.

INTRODUCTION: Although pelvic inflammatory disease is seen in sexually active women, it can also be seen in virgin girls. One of the conditions that can develop if not treated appropriately is pyosalpinx. A case of pyosalpinx causing xanthogranulomatous inflammation, a rare type of inflammation, is presented. CASE: A 15-year-old virgin adolescent patient underwent salpingectomy for left pyosalpinx, and the pathology result revealed xanthogranulomatous salpingitis. CONCLUSION: Pelvic inflammatory disease is extremely rare in virgin adolescents and there is usually an underlying anatomic anomaly. No anatomical anomaly was detected in our case, but the detection of E.coli in the abscess fluid culture and the chronic constipation of our patient made us think that the cause of the disease was an ascending infection originating from the gastrointestinal tract.

Relationship between PD-L1 expression and prognostic factors in high-risk cutaneous squamous and basal cell carcinoma.

This study aimed to investigate the programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and its relationship with prognostic factors in tumors that are not in the head and neck region and are therefore relatively less exposed to the sun. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 25 invasive cSCC and 42 BCC cases with a diameter ≥ 2 cm located outside the head and neck region from 2010 to 2018. The biopsy samples were examined based on the membranous PD-L1 (22C3 clone) staining. Staining results were scored as follows: 0, no staining (negative); 1, < 10% PD-L1 positivity of tumor cells; and 2, ≥ 10% PD-L1 positivity of tumor cells. PD-L1 positivity was not seen in any BCC cases, whereas 11 (44%) of cSCC cases were PD-L1 positive. No significant relationship was observed between PD-L1 expression and prognostic parameters, including tumor diameter, tumor depth, and lymphovascular or perineural invasion in the cSCC group. PD-L1 expression was not associated with prognostic factors in the early stages of BCC and SCC located outside the head and neck region. Therefore, investigating the PD-L1 expression seems to be more relevant in patients with advanced-stage disease.

Proliferating Pilar Tumors: Can Immunohistochemistry Differentiate Benign and Malignant Forms?

BACKGROUND: Proliferating pilar tumor (PPT) is an adnexal tumor of purported differentiation toward the follicular outer root sheath. Immunohistochemistry has been suggested to differentiate between benign and malignant forms. METHODS: Eleven benign (PPT) and 9 malignant PPT lesions were reviewed; Ki67, p27, and p53 were applied. The staining intensity (strong, moderate, weak, and negative), positive cell numbers, and marker indexes (%) were scored using image-analysis software (ViraSoft). RESULTS: Overall, there was no significant correlation between Ki67 and p53 and histopathological features. However, malignant PPTs had significantly lower numbers of p27-positive cells (P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: Our study includes the largest group of patients in whom image analysis of p53, Ki67, and p27 has been used to try to separate benign from malignant lesions. Although there were no significant differences regarding Ki67 and p53, malignant lesions have a statistically lower expression of p27. Further studies may be needed to determine the clinical usefulness of image analysis in this differential diagnosis.

C-KIT mutation in thymic carcinomas.

Thymic epithelial tumours are rare malignancies of the anterior superior mediastinum. Several studies have analysed the presence of c-KIT mutations in thymic carcinoma. Immunohistochemical c-KIT expression and mutations in exons 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, and 18 of the KIT gene and in the promoter region of the TERT gene (chr5, 1,295,228C>T/A and 1,295,250C>T) were analysed by PCR based direct sequencing using representative formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour samples of 18 thymic carcinomas. Of 18 patients, 4 test samples were excluded from the study due to inadequate DNA quality. Of 14 patients with thymic carcinomas, KIT and TERT mutation was not detected in any samples. C-KIT expression was associated with nearly a worse overall survival (median time 24.160-49.840, log-rank, p = 0.05). We showed that squamous cell carcinomas led to worse survival than other subtypes. As expected, TNM stage II was significantly correlated with better OS (p = 0.015). Thymic carcinoma is characterised by a KIT-positive and CD5-positive staining pattern. We report a worse overall survival for patients with c-kit expressing tumours. These data suggest a negative prognostic role for c-kit expression especially within the first 5 years.

Osteosarcoma of the Ethmoid Sinus.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor and it is very rare in head and neck region. If it arises in this area, most common localizations of this tumor are mandible and maxilla and ethmoid sinus is very rare site for this malignancy. A 43-year-old female admitted to our clinic with the complaint of pain in the right half of the face and headache persisting for 2 months. According to the clinical symptoms and imaging studies, sinonasal ossifying fibroma was suspected. For this reason, patient was operated endoscopically and histopathological examination revealed that osteoid matrix producing atypical osteoblastic cells so these findings identified osteoblastic variant OS. This article is about a very rare case of OS of ethmoid sinus. The differential diagnosis, general characteristics, and classification of this tumor, radiological features, and surgical techniques are also presented.