ABSTRACT
In certain regions of the predominantly nitrogen limited ocean, microbes can become co-limited by phosphorus. Within such regions, a proportion of the dissolved organic phosphorus pool can be accessed by microbes employing a variety of alkaline phosphatase (APase) enzymes. In contrast to the PhoA family of APases that utilize zinc as a cofactor, the recent discovery of iron as a cofactor in the more widespread PhoX and PhoD implies the potential for a biochemically dependant interplay between oceanic zinc, iron and phosphorus cycles. Here we demonstrate enhanced natural community APase activity following iron amendment within the low zinc and moderately low iron Western North Atlantic. In contrast we find no evidence for trace metal limitation of APase activity beneath the Saharan dust plume in the Eastern Atlantic. Such intermittent iron limitation of microbial phosphorus acquisition provides an additional facet in the argument for iron controlling the coupling between oceanic nitrogen and phosphorus cycles.
Subject(s)
Cyanobacteria/metabolism , Iron/chemistry , Nitrogen/chemistry , Phosphorus/chemistry , Africa, Northern , Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism , Atlantic Ocean , Chlorophyll/chemistry , Chlorophyll A , Flow Cytometry , Geography , Nitrogen Fixation , Photosynthesis , Seawater , Tropical Climate , Water MicrobiologyABSTRACT
We demonstrate a novel frequency-domain-multiplexing technique for implementing polarimetric fiber laser current sensors. Each sensor operates at a different polarization-mode beat frequency that is modulated in response to applied electric current. A bank of bandpass filters can be used to separate signals from different sensors. A simple frequency-demodulation technique based on a phase-locked loop is used for signal processing.
ABSTRACT
A patient who died of bronchopneumonia complicating metastatic carcinoma of the larynx was found to have crescentic glomerulonephritis at autopsy. Further examination revealed the crescents to be tumor deposits in Bowman's space of most glomeruli, while no tumor was found elsewhere in the kidneys. The relevance of this observation to the possible mechanism of crescent formation is discussed.
