Two Mn(II)-Bridged Silverton-Type [UMo12O42]8- Polyoxometalates with Catalytic Activity for the Synthesis of Pyrazoles.

Two Mn(II)-bridged Silverton-type {UMo12O42}-based polyoxomolybdates with different three-dimensional structures, Na6(H2O)12[Mn(UMo12O42)] (NaMn) and (NH4)2[K2Na6(µ4-O)2(H2O)1.2Mn(UMo12O42)]·4.6H2O (KMn), were hydrothermally synthesized and further characterized, demonstrating a feasible strategy for the assembly of Silverton-type polyoxomolybdates. Additionally, NaMn is demonstrated to be a good heterogeneous catalyst in the condensation cyclization reaction of hydrazines and 1,3-diketones, and a range of valuable pyrazoles were produced in up to 99% yield.

Resource availability and parasitism intensity influence the response of soybean to the parasitic plant Cuscuta australis.

Introduction: Parasitic plants can damage crop plants and consequently cause yield losses and thus threaten food security. Resource availability (e.g., phosphorus, water) has an important role in the response of crop plants to biotic attacks. However, how the growth of crop plants under parasitism are affected by environmental resource fluctuation is poorly understood. Methods: We conducted a pot experiment to test the effects of the intensity of Cuscuta australis parasitism and the availability of water and phosphorus (P) on soybean shoot and root biomass. Results and discussion: We found that low-intensity parasitism caused ~6% biomass reduction, while high-intensity parasitism caused ~26% biomass reduction in soybean. Under 5-15% water holding capacity (WHC), the deleterious effect of parasitism on soybean hosts was ~60% and ~115% higher than that under 45-55% WHC and 85-95% WHC, respectively. When the P supply was 0 µM, the deleterious effect of parasitism on soybean was 67% lower than that when the P supply was 20 µM. Besides, the biomass of C. australis was highest when both the water and the P availability were lowest. Cuscuta australis caused the highest damage to soybean hosts under 5 µM P supply, 5-15% WHC, and high-intensity parasitism. Additionally, C. australis biomass was significantly and negatively related to the deleterious effect of parasitism on soybean hosts and to the total biomass of soybean hosts under high-intensity parasitism, but not under low-intensity parasitism. Although high resource availability can promote soybean growth, the two resources have different impacts on the response of hosts to parasitism. Higher P availability decreased host tolerance to parasites, while higher water availability increased host tolerance. These results indicate that crop management, specifically water and phosphorus supply, can efficiently control C. australis in soybean. To our best knowledge, this appears to be the first study to test the interactive effect of different resources on the growth and response of host plants under parasitism.

[The effects of vagus nerve stimulation on hippocampal neuro-inflammatory and α7nAChR expression in rats with intractable epilepsy].

Objective: To investigate the effects of vagus nerve stimulation(VNS) on hippocampal neuro-inflammatory and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) expression in rats with intractable epilepsy (IE). Methods: Eighty adult male SD rats (SPF) were randomly divided into control group, model group, VNS group and MLA+VNS group. There were respectively 20 rats in the control group and MLA+VNS group, and because of model failure and animal death, 15 rats and 14 rats in the model group and VNS group were left respectively . Except the control group, the IE model was established in other groups. Only the vagus nerve was isolated in the control group without electrical stimulation; the model group did not take any intervention measures; the VNS group was treated for 4 weeks with VNS after the model was successful; the MLA(3.4 µg/µl, 5 µl) was given to the lateral ventricle in the MLA+VNS group, and then VNS for 4 weeks. Seizure frequency and duration in each group were observed and recorded. And then the rats were decapitated, the hippocampus were quickly separated and 10% tissue homogenate was prepared. The homogenate was centrifuged and the supernatant was extracted. The activities of AChE and ChAT in the supernatant were measured by spectrophotometry, and the levels of TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and IL-1ß were detected by ELISA. The expression of α7nAChR in rat hippocampals was detected by Western blot. The expression of α7nAChR on microglias in rat hippocampals was assesed by double-labeled immunofluorescence. Results: ①After VNS for 4 weeks, the frequency and duration of seizures in rats were decreased significantly, which were lower than those of the model group (P<0.01); After treated with MLA +VNS, the frequency and duration of seizures in rats were also reduced significantly, which were lower than those of the model group, but higher than those of the VNS group (P<0.01).②Compared with the control group, the expression of ChAT in the hippocampus of rats in the model group was decreased significantly and the expression of AChE was increased significantly (P<0.01); Compared with the model group, the expressions of ChAT in the hippocampus of rats in the VNS group and MLA+VNS group were increased significantly and the expressions of AChE were decreased significantly (P<0.01); Compared with the VNS group, in the hippocampus of rats in the MLA+VNS group, the expressions of ChAT and AChE had no significant changes (P>0.05). ③Compared with the control group, the expressions of TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and IL-1ß in the hippocampus of rats in the model group were increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expressions of TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and IL-1ß in the hippocampus of rats in the VNS group were decreased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the VNS group, the expressions of TNF-ɑ, IL-6 and IL-1ß in the hippocampus of rats in the MLA+VNS group were increased significantly(P<0.01). ④Compared with the control group, the expression of α7nAChR in hippocampus and microglia of rats in the model group was decreased significantly(P<0.01); Compared with the model group, the expression of α7nAChR in hippocampus and microglia of rats in the VNS group was up-regulated significantly (P<0.01); Compared with the VNS group, coexpression of α7nAChR on microglia wasreduced significantly in the MLA+VNS group (P<0.01). Conclusion: VNS has obvious therapeutic effect on IE rats, and its mechanism may be related to activating hippocampal microglia cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway directly and inhibiting hippocampal neuro-inflammatory response.

[Expression Level of SOCS3 in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells Affects the Cytotoxicity of NK Cells].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression level of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 （SOCS3） in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and to observe the effect of over-expresson of SOCS3 in Jurkat cells on the cytotoxicity of NK cells. METHODS: The expression levels of SOCS3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 20 children with ALL and 20 healthy children (normal control group) were detected by RT-PCR. The peripheral blood NK cells from healthy subjects were selected by immunomagnetic technique, and the purity was detected by flow cytometry. SOCS3 was overexpressed in Jurkat cells infected with lentivirus vector, and SOCS3 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR after lentivirus infection. The NK cells were co-cultured with the infected Jurkat, and LDH release method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of NK cells on the infected Jurkat cells. The concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined by ELISA. The expression of NKG2D ligands MICA and MICB on the surface of Jurkat cells were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the effect of SOCS3 overexpression on STAT3 phosphorylation in Jurkat cells. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of SOCS3 in the peripheral blood mononucleated cells of ALL children was significantly decreased. The purity of NK cells isolated by flow cytometry could reach more than 70%. The expression of SOCS3 mRNA in Jurkat cells increased significantly after lentivirus infection. Overexpression of SOCS3 in Jurkat cells significantly promoted the killing ability of NK cells and up-regulated the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ from NK cells. The results of flow cytometry showed that the expression of NKG2D ligands MICA and MICB on Jurkat cells increased significantly after SOCS3 overexpression. Western blot results showed that overexpression of SOCS3 significantly reduced the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in Jurkat cells. CONCLUSION: SOCS3 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in ALL patients, and overexpression of SOCS3 may up-regulate the expression of MICA and MICB of NKG2D ligands on Jurkat cell surface through negative regulation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, thereby promoting the cytotoxic function of NK cells.

Expression Level of SOCS3 in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells Affects the Cytotoxicity of NK Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect the expression level of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 （SOCS3） in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and to observe the effect of over-expresson of SOCS3 in Jurkat cells on the cytotoxicity of NK cells.@*METHODS@#The expression levels of SOCS3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 20 children with ALL and 20 healthy children (normal control group) were detected by RT-PCR. The peripheral blood NK cells from healthy subjects were selected by immunomagnetic technique, and the purity was detected by flow cytometry. SOCS3 was overexpressed in Jurkat cells infected with lentivirus vector, and SOCS3 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR after lentivirus infection. The NK cells were co-cultured with the infected Jurkat, and LDH release method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of NK cells on the infected Jurkat cells. The concentrations of TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined by ELISA. The expression of NKG2D ligands MICA and MICB on the surface of Jurkat cells were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the effect of SOCS3 overexpression on STAT3 phosphorylation in Jurkat cells.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of SOCS3 in the peripheral blood mononucleated cells of ALL children was significantly decreased. The purity of NK cells isolated by flow cytometry could reach more than 70%. The expression of SOCS3 mRNA in Jurkat cells increased significantly after lentivirus infection. Overexpression of SOCS3 in Jurkat cells significantly promoted the killing ability of NK cells and up-regulated the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ from NK cells. The results of flow cytometry showed that the expression of NKG2D ligands MICA and MICB on Jurkat cells increased significantly after SOCS3 overexpression. Western blot results showed that overexpression of SOCS3 significantly reduced the phosphorylation level of STAT3 protein in Jurkat cells.@*CONCLUSION@#SOCS3 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in ALL patients, and overexpression of SOCS3 may up-regulate the expression of MICA and MICB of NKG2D ligands on Jurkat cell surface through negative regulation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, thereby promoting the cytotoxic function of NK cells.

Effects of worldwide interventions and vaccination on COVID-19 between waves and countries

Governments worldwide have rapidly deployed non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the effect of these individual NPI measures across space and time has yet to be sufficiently assessed, especially with the increase of policy fatigue and the urge for NPI relaxation in the vaccination era. Using the decay ratio in the suppression of COVID-19 infections, we investigated the changing performance of different NPIs across waves from global and regional levels (in 133 countries) to national and subnational (in the United States of America [USA]) scales before the implementation of mass vaccination. The synergistic effectiveness of all NPIs for reducing COVID-19 infections declined along waves, from 95.4% in the first wave to 56.0% in the third wave recently at the global level and similarly from 83.3% to 58.7% at the USA national level, while it had fluctuating performance across waves on regional and subnational scales. Regardless of geographical scale, gathering restrictions and facial coverings played significant roles in epidemic mitigation before the vaccine rollout. Our findings have important implications for continued tailoring and implementation of NPI strategies, together with vaccination, to mitigate future COVID-19 waves, caused by new variants, and other emerging respiratory infectious diseases.

Probabilistic response of a fractional-order hybrid vibration energy harvester driven by random excitation.

The stochastic response of a fractional-order hybrid vibration energy harvester is investigated in this paper. Equivalent system can be derived by the variable transformation. Then, the probability density functions of mechanical states are obtained by the stochastic averaging technique. The good agreement between numerical simulation and analytical results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. Mean square voltage, mean square current, and mean output power are presented to illustrate the device output performance. Results imply that the hybrid vibration energy harvesting system can generate higher mean output power than that from a separate piezoelectric system and an electromagnetic system.

Mechanism of Guishenwan on Thin Endometrium Rats Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:This study explores the key core targets of Guishenwan in the treatment of thin endometrium and related signaling pathways through the method of network pharmacology，and further uses animal experiments to verify the obtained targets and verify that Guishenwan are effective for thin endometrium. Method:Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP） was used to retrieve the effective chemical components，active component targets and target abbreviations of the eight Chinese medicines in Guishenwan，the GeneCards database and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man（OMIM）database were used to retrieve thin endometrial related targets gene.Use Wayne software to take the intersection of the drug target of Guishenwan and the disease target of the thin endometrium，and import the intersection target into the STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software for visual analysis to obtain the "drug-disease" protein protein interaction（PPI） network， then input the intersection target into Enrichr database and DAVID database for gene ontology（GO） enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） enrichment analysis. Using the obtained possible core and key targets as the theoretical basis，a thin endometrial model in rats was established. After Guishenwan and estrogen intervention for 21 days，the endometrial thickness of rats was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining（HE） staining. Western blot and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of the four core key targets of epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR），matrix metalloproteinase 9（MMP9），interleukin-1beita（IL-1<italic>β</italic>） and mitogen activated protein kinase 14（MAPK14）. Result:The Venn software obtained 130 intersection targets in total， imported 130 intersection targets into the STRING database and Cytoscape database，and obtained a protein interaction network diagram including 33 nodes and 107 edges. DAVID 6.8 database for GO analysis. The function annotation analysis involving 167 biological processes（BP），22 cell components（CC），39 molecular functions（MF）. DAVID 6.8 database for KEGG enrichment analysis， and thin endometrium related A total of 34 pathways. Western blot and Real-time PCR were used to analyze the expression results of EGFR，MMP9，IL-1<italic>β</italic>，MAPK14 protein and genes in the endometrial tissues of the 6 groups of rats. Guishenwan can enhance the expression of EGFR，MMP9，IL-1<italic>β</italic>，MAPK14 protein and mRNA on the thin endometrium. Conclusion:According to the theoretical analysis of network pharmacology and the results of animal experiments，it is found that Guishenwan can effectively improve the related indicators of thin endometrium，and promote the expression of EGFR，MMP9，IL-1<italic>β</italic>，MAPK14 protein and genes. The intimal tissue proliferates and improves the symptoms of thin intima.

[Keyhole Approach Endoscopic Surgery versus Stereotactic Aspiration plus Urokinase in Treating Basal Ganglia Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage].

Objective To compare the short-and long-term effect of two minimal invasive surgical therapies including keyhole approach endoscopic surgery(KAES)and stereotactic aspiration plus urokinase(SAU)in treating basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(hICH). Methods The clinical data of 117 hICH patients(63 received KAES and 54 received SAU)were retrospectively analyzed.The operation time,blood loss during surgery,and drainage time were compared between two groups.The residual hematoma volume,hematoma clearance rate(HCR),Glasgow coma scale(GCS)score,and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score were recorded at baseline and in the ultra-early stage,early stage,and sub-early stage after surgery.The 30-day mortality and serious adverse events were assessed and the 6-month modified Rankin scale(mRS)score was rated.Results Baseline data showed no significant difference between these two groups.Compared with the SAU group,the KAES group had significantly longer operation time,more intraoperative blood loss,and shorter drainage time(all P<0.001).In the ultra-early stage after surgery,HCR was significantly higher in the KAES group(P<0.001),whereas in the early and sub-early stage,HCR showed no significant differences(all P>0.05).In the ultra-early and early stage,the GCS and NIHSS scores showed no significant differences between two groups(all P>0.05),whereas in the sub-early stage,the NIHSS score was better in the SAU group(P=0.034).The 30-day mortality and incidences of serious adverse events showed no significant difference(all P>0.05).The good recovery(mRS≤3)at 6-months follow-up showed no significant difference between the two groups(P=0.413).Conclusions Both KAES and SAU are safe and effective in treating basal ganglia hICH.In the ultra-early stage after surgery,KAES achieves better residual hematoma volume and HCR,and patients undergoing SAU quickly catch up.The short-and long-term effectiveness of SAU is comparable or even superior to KAES.

Calycosin induces apoptosis via p38­MAPK pathway­mediated activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in human osteosarcoma 143B cells.

Previous studies have demonstrated that calycosin is a natural phytoestrogen with a similar structure to estrogen, which can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in a variety of tumors. Calycosin exerts potential pharmacological effects on osteosarcoma cells by inducing apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the specific molecular mechanism of calycosin­induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Cell proliferation was determined by an MTT assay. Annexin V/PI and JC­1 staining were used to detect apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction, respectively, by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of caspases or mitochondrial proteins. The results revealed that calycosin reduced the cell viability of human osteosarcoma 143B cells, induced apoptosis and increased the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, calycosin increased the expression of the proapoptotic antiapoptotic proteins cleaved caspase­3, cleaved caspase­9, cleaved poly(ADP­ribose) polymerase and Bcl­2­associated X protein (Bax), and decreased the expression of the antiapoptotic proapoptotic protein B­cell lymphoma­2 (Bcl­2), thus altering the Bax/Bcl­2 ratio. In addition, the expression levels of cytochrome c were markedly decreased in the mitochondria and increased in the cytoplasm following calycosin treatment. Furthermore, calycosin treatment induced p38­mitogen­activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, whereas the p38­MAPK inhibitor BIRB 796 markedly reversed cell viability, apoptosis and loss of MMP in 143B cells. These results suggested that calycosin inhibited osteosarcoma 143B cell growth via p38­MAPK regulation of mitochondrial­dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathways.

Effect of different resumption strategies to flatten the potential COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopens: a modeling study

The effect of the COVID-19 outbreak has led policymakers around the world to attempt transmission control. However, lockdown and shutdown interventions have caused new social problems and designating policy resumption for infection control when reopening society remains a crucial issue. We investigated the effects of different resumption strategies on COVID-19 transmission using a modeling study setting. We employed a susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed model to simulate COVID-19 outbreaks under five reopening strategies based on Chinas business resumption progress. The effect of each strategy was evaluated using the peak values of the epidemic curves vis-a-vis confirmed active cases and cumulative cases. We found that a hierarchy-based reopen strategy performed best when current epidemic prevention measures were maintained save for lockdown, reducing the peak number of active cases and cumulative cases by 50% and 44%, respectively. However, the modeled effect of each strategy decreased when the current intervention was lifted somewhat. Additional attention should be given to regions with significant numbers of migrants, as the potential risk of COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopening is intrinsically high. Business resumption strategies have the potential to eliminate COVID-19 outbreaks amid society reopening without special control measures. The proposed resumption strategies focused mainly on decreasing the number of imported exposure cases, guaranteeing medical support for epidemic control, or decreasing active cases.

Calycosin induces apoptosis in osteosarcoma cell line via ERß­mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.

Previous studies have shown that calycosin, a natural phytoestrogen which is structurally similar to estrogen, inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in estrogen­dependent cancer types via the estrogen receptor (ER)ß­induced inhibition of PI3K/Akt. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of calycosin on human osteosarcoma (OS), and to examine the molecular mechanisms associated with ERß. Human OS MG­63 cells were treated with various concentrations of calycosin, and MTT and flow cytometry assays were used to assess the effects of calycosin on cellular proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, protein expression levels of ERß, phosphorylated (p)­PI3K, p­Akt, cleaved poly (ADP­ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP) and cleaved caspase­3 were evaluated by western blot analysis. The present results suggested that calycosin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in MG­63 cells. Furthermore, increased ERß expression was detected in OS MG­63 cells treated with calycosin, and an ERß inhibitor (PHTPP) reversed calycosin­induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Moreover, phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt were significantly downregulated after calycosin treatment, whereas PHTPP reversed their phosphorylation. ERß­mediated PI3K/Akt downstream signaling pathways were found to influence the activity of poly (ADP­ribose) polymerase 1 and caspase­3. Thus, the present results indicated that calycosin inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in OS MG­63 cells, and that these effects were mediated by ERß­dependent inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathways.

Effects of different 2A peptides on transgene expression mediated by tricistronic vectors in transfected CHO cells.

Multicistronic vectors can increase transgene expression and decrease the imbalance of gene expression in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell expression system. Small, self-cleaving 2A peptides have a high cleavage efficiency and are essential for constructing high-expression multicistronic vectors. In this study, we investigated the effects of two different 2A peptides on transgene expression in CHO cells via their mediating action on tricistronic vectors. The enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and red fluorescent protein (RFP) genes were linked by the porcine teschovirus-1 (P2A) and Thosea asigna virus (T2A) peptides in a multicistronic vector. We transfected CHO cells with these vectors and screened for the presence of blasticidin-resistant colonies. Flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to detect the expression levels of eGFP and RFP and the copy numbers of stably transfected cells. The results showed that P2A could enhance eGFP and RFP expression by 1.48- and 1.47-fold, respectively, compared to T2A. The expression levels of the genes were not proportional to their copy numbers. In conclusion, we found that P2A can effectively drive transgene expression in CHO cells and a potent 2A peptide can be used for recombinant protein production in the CHO cell system.

Keyhole Approach Endoscopic Surgery versus Stereotactic Aspiration plus Urokinase in Treating Basal Ganglia Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage / 中国医学科学院学报

To compare the short-and long-term effect of two minimal invasive surgical therapies including keyhole approach endoscopic surgery(KAES)and stereotactic aspiration plus urokinase(SAU)in treating basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(hICH). The clinical data of 117 hICH patients(63 received KAES and 54 received SAU)were retrospectively analyzed.The operation time,blood loss during surgery,and drainage time were compared between two groups.The residual hematoma volume,hematoma clearance rate(HCR),Glasgow coma scale(GCS)score,and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score were recorded at baseline and in the ultra-early stage,early stage,and sub-early stage after surgery.The 30-day mortality and serious adverse events were assessed and the 6-month modified Rankin scale(mRS)score was rated. Baseline data showed no significant difference between these two groups.Compared with the SAU group,the KAES group had significantly longer operation time,more intraoperative blood loss,and shorter drainage time(all 0.05).In the ultra-early and early stage,the GCS and NIHSS scores showed no significant differences between two groups(all >0.05),whereas in the sub-early stage,the NIHSS score was better in the SAU group(=0.034).The 30-day mortality and incidences of serious adverse events showed no significant difference(all >0.05).The good recovery(mRS≤3)at 6-months follow-up showed no significant difference between the two groups(=0.413). Both KAES and SAU are safe and effective in treating basal ganglia hICH.In the ultra-early stage after surgery,KAES achieves better residual hematoma volume and HCR,and patients undergoing SAU quickly catch up.The short-and long-term effectiveness of SAU is comparable or even superior to KAES.

[Characteristics of Stable Isotopes and Analysis of Water Vapor Sources of Precipitation at the Northern Slope of the Qilian Mountains].

This study is based on precipitation samples from eight sites at the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains, combined with meteorological factors over the same period. Precipitation isotope characteristics, influence factors and the vapor sources of precipitation were analyzed, and the results show that:① The stable isotopes of precipitation in the study area show obvious seasonal changes, which are characterized by enrichment in the summer half-year and depletion in the winter half-year. The spatial precipitation δ18O value shows a significant downward trend with increasing altitude, and the altitude effect of the annual precipitation δ18O is -0.19‰/100 m, respectively;② At all stations, the slope and intercept of local meteoric water lines show an increasing trend from low altitude to high altitude. The high-altitude mountains above 2000 m are affected by local water vapor recirculation;③ The temperature effect is more significant and the temperature effect of δ18O is 0.64‰, and there is only a weak precipitation effect in summer;④ The results indicate that sub-cloud evaporation has a great influence on the δ18O of precipitation; the average raindrop evaporation rate of δ18O is 23%, 11%, 12%, and 16%,and the δ18O composition has been enriched by 46%, 27%, 38%, and 32% in May, June, July, and August from cloud base to ground, respectively.⑤ Under the condition of continuous rainfall in summer, the vapor sources of precipitation mainly come from the west and are affected by local evaporation of water vapor. The study enhances knowledge of isotopic evolution of precipitation and provides a basis for further study of isotopic hydrology in arid regions.

[Space-Time Characteristics and Environmental Significance of the Stable Isotopes in Precipitation in the Gulang River Basin].

Based on the precipitation samples and meteorological data simultaneously collected during individual precipitation events at the Gulang (2085 m a.s.l.) and Anyuan stations (2700 m a.s.l.) in Gulang, this article analyzes the temporal variation and local meteroic water lines and discusses the relationship between precipitation stable isotopes and temperature and precipitation and relative humidity. The results show that:① Gulang and Anyuan have higher δ18O values in summer and autumn and lower δ18O values in spring and winter, respectively; ② The vaule of δ18O decreases with increasing altitude, while the value of the d-excess increases, reflecting the gradual depletion of stable isotopes of precipitation when the air mass is rising along the slope; ③ The slope and intercept of the local meteroic water lines deviate from that of the global meteroic water lines, showing that they may also be affected by local water vapor recirculation, except for the dry environment and strong evaporation effect; and ④ The temperature effect of Gulang in the low-altitude area is more significant than that of the Anyuan station and the Gulang River Basin does not show a precipitation effect. It has been proven that precipitation is not the fundamental factor determining the δ18O of the precipitation in arid areas. The results of this study are helpful to further understand the water circulation mechanism in the Gulang River Basin.

Effect of Modified Shenling Baizhu San on Inflammatory Factors and Peripheral Blood T Lymphocyte Subsets in Spleen Deficiency Wetness Type Subacute Eczema / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy modified Shenling Baizhu San in treating patients with spleen deficiency wetness type subacute eczema, and its effect on the inflammatory factors and peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets, so as to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment. Method: Totally 176 cases of spleen deficiency wetness type subacute eczema treated at our hospital from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2017 were selected and randomly divided into control group (88 cases) and observation group (88 cases). Control group was treated with levocetirizine hydrochloride tablets and compound econazole nitrate gel, and observation group was given modified Shenling Baizhu San in addition to therapy of control group for 4 weeks. The clinical efficacy, pruritus score, severity index(EASI)score, dermatology quality of life scales(DQOLS) score and recurrence rate were observed,and inflammatory factor and peripheral blood T lymphocyte subgroup level were detected. Result: After treatment, the pruritus score and EASI score in observation group were lower than those before treatment (PPPPβ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF) -α in observation group were lower than those before treatment (P+ and CD4+/CD8+ were higher than those of before treatment, and significantly higher than those of control group (PPConclusion: Modified Shenling Baizhu San could enhance the clinical efficacy by inhibiting the inflammatory reaction and regulating the immune function of patients.

[Environmental Significance of the Stable Isotopes in Precipitation at Different Altitudes in the Tuolai River Basin].

Precipitation samples and meteorological data were collected simultaneously during individual precipitation events at Tuole station (3367 m a.s.l.) and Jiayuguan station (1658 m a.s.l.) in the Tuolai River Basin. A study of temporal variation, Local Meteoric Water Lines, and altitude change on precipitation stable isotopes was conducted. The relationships between precipitation stable isotopes and temperature, precipitation, average vapor pressure, and relative humidity were determined in order to explore the environmental significance of the stable isotopes at different altitudes in the middle reaches of the Qilian Mountains. The analysis indicated that the stable isotopes of the precipitation in Tuole and Jiayuguan station were characterized by pronounced seasonal variation, with Tuole having higher δ18O values in summer and autumn and lower δ18O values in spring and winter, while Jiayuguan displays higher δ18O values in spring and lower in other seasons. The d-excess was correlated negatively with δ18O, and the correlation coefficients between δ18O and d-excess decreased with increasing altitude due to weakening sub-cloud evaporation. The slope and intercept of the Local Meteoric Water Lines from Jiayuguan to Tuole rose significantly, showing an increasing trend from low altitude to high altitude. For the precipitation events above 10℃, δ18O of Tuole was positively correlated with the temperature, but the Jiayuguan results indicated the opposite. Sub-cloud evaporation weakened with high precipitation events in Jiayuguan. δ18O and d-excess were positively correlated with the average vapor pressure, which declined from Tuole to Jiayuguan. Since the water vapor pressure and saturated water vapor pressure increased, it was difficult to form precipitation with decreasing altitude. The local strong sub-cloud evaporation caused δ18O and δD was positive at low altitude, while the effect of moisture recycling is obvious, such that δ18O and δD are negative in high altitude areas. There is no significant positive correlation between the δ18O and the relative humidity of the precipitation in Jiayuguan, while Tuole displays an opposite pattern. The results of the study will provide a scientific basis for further study of precipitation isotopes in the Tuolai River basin.

Combining the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, rapamycin, with resveratrol has a synergistic effect in multiple myeloma.

Rapamycin is known to inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)1 signaling pathway, but it is unable to effectively inhibit mTORC2, resulting in activation of protein kinase B in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines. Additionally, certain studies have suggested that resveratrol has an effect on human MM cells, and that rapamycin in combination with resveratrol may be useful in cancer therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the combined treatment effect of resveratrol and rapamycin on the MM MM1.S cell line. The results demonstrated that combined treatment with rapamycin and resveratrol effectively inhibited cell viability in the MM1.S cell line through inhibition of the mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling pathways, compared with resveratrol or rapamycin monotherapy. In addition, cyclin D1 levels were decreased and the activation of caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase was increased. These results suggested that downregulation of the mTOR signaling cascades is likely to be a crucial mediator in the impairment of viability and the induction of apoptosis resulting from combined therapy with resveratrol and rapamycin in MM1.S cells.

[Treatment of proximal humerus fractures combined with shoulder dislocation using bone setting manipulation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the treatment skill and clinical effect of bone setting manipulation in treating proximal humeral fracture with shoulder dislocation. METHODS: From January 2015 to December 2015, 118 cases of proximal humeral fractures with shoulder joint dislocation were treated by bone setting reduction and fixation with adhesive tape or Kirschner wire after reduction, including 56 males and 62 females with an average age of 61 years old ranging from 48 to 88 years old. The time from injury to treatment was 1 to 31 days with an average of 3 days. All fractures were closed, according to Neer standard classification, there were 27 cases of type II, 55 cases of type III and 36 cases of type IV. There were 85 cases of shoulder subglenoid dislocation, 33 cases of subcoracoid dislocation. All the patients were accompanied by obvious shoulder joint deformity, dysfunction and other symptoms. All cases were diagnosed by X-ray examination, and the bone setting manipulation was performed under the brachial plexus anesthesia. According to the type of fracture and fixation method, the patients were encouraged to exercise the limb rehabilitation, and the curative effect was determined by Constant-Murley shoulder score system. RESULTS: All cases were followed up for 6 to 12 months with an average of 9 months. There were 1 case of humeral head necrosis, 2 cases of traumatic frozen shoulder. The score of shoulder joint function Constant-Murley was 84.5±4.5; among them, 78 cases were excellent, 28 cases were good, 9 cases were fair, 3 cases were poor, the excellent and the good rate was 89.8%. X-ray showed bony union of all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of proximal humeral fracture with dislocation of shoulder joint by bone setting manipulation is a skillful method, with simple operation, small trauma and satisfactory curative effect.