ABSTRACT
Objective To establish a new method for measuring the 3-D kinematics of hindfoot joints in vivo by using reverse engineering software together with the theory of rigid body kinematics.Methods CT images were gathered from 9 feet of 5 healthy volunteers in both the initial position (neutral position) and the terminal position (extremely inversion-adduction-dorsiflexion position).The 3-D digital modules of hindfoot joints in the initial position and terminal position were established with MIMICS 10.01 software.The data of reconstructed digital modules was inputted into the GEOMAGIC 10.0 software in STL format for twice registration,and then their relatively displacement and changes of angle in 3-D space between the two positions were calculated Results The rotation range of the tibiotalar joint was 3.89° ±2.77° in eversion,5.29°±4.47° in abduction,10.77°+5.70° in dorsiflexion,and the relative displacement was 0.78±0.59 mm towards lateral ankle,0.18±0.75 mm towards the hindfoot,(0.65±0.71) mm towards the proximal limbs;the range of subtalar joint was 16.46°±2.94° in inversion,12.77°±1.81° in adduction,6.33°±4.32° in plantarflexion,and the relative displacement was 5.50±1.45 mm towards medial ankle,1.96±1.77 mm towards forefoot,0.43±1.18 mm towards distal limbs; the range of talonavicular joint was 38.82°±5.98° in inversion,19.71°±6.33° in adduction,5.09°±6.89° in plantarflexion,and the relative displacement was (9.77±1.73) mm towards medial ankle,3.13±1.29 mm towards hindfoot,4.64±1.42 mm towards proximal limbs.Conclusion This method measuring 3-D kinematics of hindfoot joints in vivo is non-invasive and easy to operate.
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Objective To investigate the effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods The HUVECs were collected from human umbilical core,and the expression of the CGRP receptor-1 was identified though immunofluorescence.After HUVECs were treated with CGRP,the angiogenesis was detected through tube formation experiment.The secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected through ELISA method.The mRNA expression of VEGF,VEGF receptor-1 (FLT1),VEGF receptor-2 (KDR) and CGRP receptor-1 were detected through quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) at 3,7,10 days after culturing.Western blot method was used to detect the protein expression of FLT1 and KDR in HUVECs.Results Immunofluorescence result showed CGRP receptor-1 expressed in HUVECs.CGRP could significantly promote angiogenesis and increase VEGF secretion in direct manner.The Q-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression level of CGRP receptor-1 was significantly higher in CGRP groups than that in control group,especially at 10 days.Compared to the control group,the mRNA and protein expression level of FLT1 and KDR were statistically higher in CGRP groups at different time.Conclusion CGRP can significantly promote angiogenesis of HUVECs in vitro,which may be because it can promote VEGF secretion and expression of FLT1 and KDR in HUVECs.Meanwhile,the increase of CGRP receptor-1 expression also can promote angiogenesis of HUVECs.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the characteristics of the talonavicular joint movement in vivo and its effects on changes of the medial longitudinal arch.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Foot CT images in the initial position (neutral position) and terminal position (maximum varus-adduction-dorsiflexion position) were acquired from 9 cases (5 healthy volunteers, including 4 males and 1 female) during foot varus-adduction-dorsiflexion motion. Based on the principle of rigid body kinematics, the CT data were reconstructed and analyzed with Mimics and Geomagic reverse engineering software. The changes of the talonavicular joint in three-dimensional in 6 degrees of freedom were calculated to determine its correlation to the medial longitudinal arch angle.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During foot varus-adduction-dorsiflexion motion, the talonavicular joint underwent varus-adduction-plantarflexion motion, with the motion range of 38.82∓5.98° in varus, 19.71∓6.33° in adduction, and -5.09∓6.89° in plantarflexion. During talonavicular joint motion, the medial shift of the navicular was significantly correlated to the changes of foot medial longitudinal arch (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Digital technology can solve the problem of measurement of talonavicular joint three-dimensional motion in vivo. Though as a ball-and-socket joint, the talonavicular joint mainly rotates around the sagittal axis, and its movement is a major factor to cause changes of foot medial longitudinal arch.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Ankle Joint , Diagnostic Imaging , Biomechanical Phenomena , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Movement , Range of Motion, Articular , Subtalar Joint , Diagnostic Imaging , Talus , Diagnostic Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objective To compare the expression changes of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor Y1 in different stages of osteoblast differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).Methods The rBMSCs were isolated in vitro from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats using whole bone marrow adherence method and cultured. Then, the rBMSCs were divided into osteoblast-induced group and noninduced group. In different periods of culture at 1, 2 and 3 weeks, identification of the osteoblasts was performed by using immunocytochemistry and Western blot. Expressions of mRNA and protein of Y1 receptor were detected by real time reserve transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Results RT-PCR demonstrated that osteoblast-induced group had a lower expression of Y1 receptor than non-induced group at the same time point and the expression of Y1 receptor was increased in a time-dependent manner in both groups. Western blot demonstrated higher expression of Y1 receptor in osteoblast-induced group compared with non-induced group at the same time point and a decreased expression of Y1 receptor in a time-dependent manner in both groups. Conclusions During the process of osteoblastic differentiation of rat BMSCs, the expressions of mRNA and protein of NPY Y1 receptor show different trends, when NPY may mediate the inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs through Y1 receptor pathway.
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Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) on proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Methods The rBMSCs were isolated using whole bone marrow adherence method. In the different periods of culturing (1, 2,and 3 weeks), expressions of the neuropeptide receptors were detected by Western Blot and reserve transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The BMSCs were treated with CGRP and SP at concentration 10-8 mol/L at different time (1,3,5,7,9 days), cell proliferation was detected with MTT assay, the protein expressions of cyclin D1 ,cyclin E and p53 were examined using Western Blot. Results The CGRP receptor and SP receptor were expressed in BMSCs. The expression of CGRP receptor was statistically higher than that of SP receptorat the same time point. The growth curves of BMSCs cultured by both neuropeptides had similar appearance. CGRP and SP stimulated the proliferation of BMSCs significantly at 9 days and 7 and 9 days. In this process, the expressions of cyclinDl and cyclinE were up-regulated by CGRP, SP only enhanced the expression of cyclinE; these effects all reached a peak at 5 days. The expression of p53 was down-regulated by both neuropeptides. Conclusion CGRP and SP had direct effects on the proliferation of BMSCs, the regulation of cell cycle proteins is one of the mechanisms.
