ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the effect of silage or dry cornstalk diets on methane emission, rumen fermentation, and methanogenic community, and reveal whether the change of methanogenic compositions was related to the methane production. A total of 39 sheep were divided into four groups, fed diets of different concentrate level based on silage or dry cornstalk roughage for 40 days. It was found that, at 20% concentrate level, the sheep fed silage could suppress methanogenesis significantly in contrast with the silage diet (p < 0.05). The ruminal acetate:propionate ratio was 3.17 in the silage-fed sheep significantly lower than 3.78 in the dry cornstalk-fed sheep (p < 0.05), reflecting the effect of fermentation on methane output was related to roughage types. Furthermore, the methanogens was found to be significantly lower abundance (p < 0.05), and showed a different pattern using multivariate statistical analysis in silage-fed sheep. Compared with dry cornstalk diet, silage diet of 20% concentrate reduced methane production, decreased methanogenic abundance, and induced change of Methanobrevibacter composition at strain levels. This study showed variation of methanogenic compositions at strain level and its probable relationship with methane production, and provided microbial information to explain the low methane output when the animals were fed silage.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Archaea/classification , Bacteria/classification , Methane/metabolism , Rumen/microbiology , Silage , Zea mays/metabolism , Acetates/analysis , Animals , Archaea/genetics , Bacteria/genetics , Cluster Analysis , DNA, Archaeal/chemistry , DNA, Archaeal/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis , Diet , Fermentation , Genes, rRNA , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Propionates/analysis , RNA, Archaeal/genetics , RNA, Bacterial/genetics , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Rumen/chemistry , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid , SheepABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study active constituents of Macropanax rosthornii in treating rheumatoid arthritis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Silica gel column chromatography, preparative HPLC and modern spectrum techniques were applied for a systematic study on chemical constituents contained in M. rosthornii.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twelve compounds were separated from M. rosthornii and identified as serratagenic acid (1), serjanic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), 6beta-hydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (4), 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl serratagenic acid (5), 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl serratagenic acid-29-methyl ester (6) , 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl serratagenic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (7), scopoletin (8), beta-sitosterol (9), daucosterol (10), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (11), and stearic acid (12).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Above compounds are separated from M. rosthornii for the first time.</p>
Subject(s)
Araliaceae , Chemistry , Chromatography , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
Objective To extract alkaloids from Corydalis decumbens (AsCD) by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SFE) and to evaluate protective effects of AsCD against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in rat PC12 cells.Methods AsCD were extracted by SFE and oxidative damage PC12 cells model was induced by H2O2.The survival rate of the cells was determined by MTT assay; Lactate dehydrogenase release was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry; Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis; Caspase-3 mRNA and protein were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting assay,respectively.Results AsCD remarkably reduced the cytotoxicity,prevented membrane damage,and inhibited cell apoptosis.AsCD inhibited Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression induced by H2O2 in PC12 cells.Conclusion AsCD possess protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells,and the mechanism of AsCD responsible to the inhibition of apoptosis is possibly attributed to thedown-regulating Caspase-3 expression.AsCD might be useful in the treatment of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study polar constituents of Mosla Chinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by physico-chemicalproperties and spectroscopic data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven glucosides were obtained and their structures were identified as 4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxyphenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxypheyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 3-hydroxyestragole-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), (6S,9R) -roseoside (5), adenosine (6), and p-hydroxybenzoicacid glucoside (7).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All compounds were isolated from the genus Mosla for the first time.</p>
Subject(s)
Adenosine , Chemistry , Glucosides , Chemistry , Lamiaceae , Chemistry , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , ChemistryABSTRACT
In order to study the chemical constituents of the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii and provide references for the bio-active study, we isolated nine compounds from the dried leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii. Their structures were determined by application of spectroscopic (NMR, MS) and chemical methods. These compounds were isolated and identified as (+)-lyoniresinol (1), (+)-isolariciresinol (2), burselignan (3), dibutyl phthalate (4), cyclo-(S-Pro-R-Phe) (5), cyclo-(S-Pro-R-Leu) (6), cyclo-(S-Pro-S-Ile) (7), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (8) and daucosterol (9). Compounds 1-3, 5-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Subject(s)
Anisoles , Chemistry , Dibutyl Phthalate , Chemistry , Lignin , Chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methods , Mass Spectrometry , Methods , Naphthalenes , Chemistry , Naphthols , Chemistry , Peptides, Cyclic , Chemistry , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Sitosterols , Chemistry , Tripterygium , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Using Apocynum venetum as a model drug to prepare pulsed-release tablets based on diffusion, swelling, osmotic pressure mechanism and to evaluate the release characteristics.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The pulsatile release tablets were prepared by film coating methods using HPMC E5 and Eudragit The effect of formulation on pulsatile release of A. venetum was investigated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The pulsed-release tablet was prepared by a swelling layer coating which contains HPMC E5 and a controlled-release membrane containning Eudragit. The delayed release time of the tablets was (5.0 +/- 0.5) h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pulsatile release characteristics of A. venetum pulsatile release tablets were confirmed in vitro.</p>
Subject(s)
Apocynum , Chemistry , Delayed-Action Preparations , Chemistry , Diffusion , Drug Compounding , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , In Vitro Techniques , Lactose , Methylcellulose , Osmotic Pressure , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Polymethacrylic Acids , Solubility , Tablets , Chemistry , Time FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide scientific basis for the utilization and development of Herba Justiciae by setting up the quality control specification of Herba Justiciae.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Moisture and ash were determined by aquametry and method of ash determination. And the bioactive constituents were analyzed by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contents of total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and moisture of 28 samples from different origins were determined. The quantitative analysis of chinensinaphthol methyl ether by HPLC were preformed, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The established method can be used for the quality control of Herba Justiciae.</p>
Subject(s)
Asteraceae , Chemistry , China , Plant Extracts , Quality ControlABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the leaves of Psidium guajava.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and MPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were isolated from this plant, and the structure of them were identified as ursolic acid (1), 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid (2), 2alpha-hydroxyoleanolic acid (3), morin-3-O-alpha-L-arabopyranoside (4), quercetin (5), hyperin (6), myricetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (7), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside (8), 1-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 3, 7-9 were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Psidium , ChemistryABSTRACT
Aim To study the active constituents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis from the ethyl acetate extracts of the roots of Lasianthus acuminatissimus Merr. Methods Various chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the constituents. Their structures were established on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and HRMS spectroscopic analyses and their preliminary evaluation of anti-inflammation effect on the release of β-glucuronidase was carried out. Results Eight compounds were isolated and identified as lasianthuslactone A ( 1 ) , codonolactone ( 2 ), 2, 5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone ( 3 ) ,uncargenin A (4) , nonadecyl alcohol (5) , 13-docosenoic acid (6) , tetracosanoic acid (7) and β-sitosterol (8). Compound 3 showed a significant inhibitory effect on release of β-glucuronidase rat polymorphous nuclear leukocytes activated by platelet activating factor (PAF). Conclusion Compound 1is a new one, the others were isolated from the plant for the first time and 3 is one of active antiinflammation compound in the plant.
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Objective To investigate the effect of sasanquasaponin (SQS) on injury of endothelial cells induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation and neutrophil adhesion, and its possible mechanisms. Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to normoxia or hypoxia-reoxygenation in the absence or presence of SQS (10.0, 1.0, and 0.1 ?mol/L). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was determined in cultured HUVEC supernatants. HUVEC survival rate, neutrophil adhesion rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) level superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were measured. Neutrophil adhesion was assayed in additional HUVEC treated as above. Results The results showed that hypoxia-reoxygenation resulted in HUVEC injury and enhancement of neutrophil adhesion, with the increase in LDH activity, MDA level, and adhesion rate as well, conversely, with the decrease in activity of SOD and GSH-Px; SQS antagonized these changes in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion SQS may protect HUVEC against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury and its mechanism appeares to be related to anti-lipoperoxidization and anti-adhesion of white blood cell.
ABSTRACT
In the essential Oil of Ligusticum sinense Oliv cv.Chaxiong ,five phthalides with anticonvulsive activities were isolated and identified as butylidenephthalide(Ⅰ),ligustilide(Ⅱ),butylphthalide(Ⅲ),neocnidilide(Ⅳ),and senkyunolide(Ⅴ)on the basis of spectral data
