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ObjectiveTo establish a nude mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） and pancreatic cancer that allows dynamic observation of tumor formation process and facilitates in vivo research. MethodsAt first， human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells were transfected with lentiviral vector GV260 to construct the pancreatic cancer cell line PANC-1-Luc with stable expression of firefly luciferase. Then， 36 specific pathogen-free nude mice were randomly divided into control group with 12 mice and model group with 24 mice （nude mice with T2DM and pancreatic cancer）. The mice in the control group were fed with breeding diet and were then given ectopic subcutaneous implantation of PANC-1-Luc cells， and those in the model group were first given high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of 1% STZ， followed by ectopic subcutaneous implantation of PANC-1-Luc cells. The fluorescence in vivo imaging system and the manual measurement method were used for simultaneous and dynamic monitoring of the growth of pancreatic cancer in nude mice in the two groups， and the tumor growth curve was plotted to investigate the correlation between fluorescence value and tumor volume. Subcutaneous tumors and pancreatic islets were observed under a microscope to verify whether the model was successfully established， and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissue to investigate the influence of hyperglycemia on the growth of pancreatic cancer in nude mice. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups. ResultsThe optimal virus titer was determined as 5×107 TU/mL for the stable transfection of lentiviral vector in PANC-1 cells， and the optimal concentration selected with puromycin was 20 μg/mL， with an optimal selection time of 9 days. The fluorescence value of PANC-1-Luc cells was linearly and positively correlated with the number of cells， with the linear equation of y=42.56x－42 504 （r=0.977， P=0.004）. The blood glucose value of T2DM nude mice was 23.05 （19.25 — 26.40） mmol/L， with a blood glucose level of >11.1 mmol/L in each nude mouse， and there was a significant difference in blood glucose value between the T2DM nude mice and the control nude ［6.15 （5.20 — 7.30） mmol/L］ （Z=-8.45， P<0.001）. Compared with the control group， the model group had reductions in the number and volume of pancreatic islets， with irregular shapes and unclear boundaries， and pathological examination confirmed that the xenograft tumor was pancreatic cancer tissue， which showed that the model was established successfully. In the model group， there was a linear positive correlation between subcutaneous tumor size and fluorescence values， with the linear equation of y=232 348 691x－8 258 608 （r=0.911， P=0.031）. The model group had a significantly higher positive rate of Ki-67 than the control group （50.333%± 7.808% vs 15.917%±4.055%， t=13.55， P<0.001）， suggesting rapid tumor proliferation in the model group. ConclusionThe T2DM nude mouse model of pancreatic cancer established in this study can simulate the pathological process of the development and progression of pancreatic cancer in the context of T2DM and dynamically observe the influence of hyperglycemia on the growth of pancreatic cancer cells in vivo， thereby providing a new experimental vector for the in vivo study of the development and progression of pancreatic cancer in the context of T2DM.
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Objective To investigate the ocular manifestations of the patients with primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches.Methods Twelve patients who were gathered with primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches were examined in ophthalmic conventionality items.The ocular manifestations of the seven patients(14 eyes)were analyzed the images of taking retinography and fundus fluorescein angiogarphy.Results Of the seven patients(14 eyes),the cataract was revealed in four eyes,the iris neovascularization was revealed in one eye,the glaucoma was revealed in one eye,the ischemic retinopathy was revealed in three eyes,the hypertensive retinopathy was revealed in five eyes.Conclusions The ocular manifestations of the patients with primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches were generalize about the ocular ischemic syndrome and the hypertensive retinopathy.The retinal vasculopathy might be as a reference of the clinical major types PAAMB.
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Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Argon laser photocoagulation on macular choroidal neovascularization. Methods 57 cases(58eyes)with macular choroidal neovascularization were treated with Argon laser photocoagulation,the visual acuity, the changing of macular choroidal neovascularization and macular hemorrhage before and after treatment were observed and compared with 34 cases(34eyes)with macular choroidal neovascularization who were treated with drugs.The average follow-up was 48(from2 to 84) months.Results The retinal hemorrhage decreased evidently in cases treated with laser coagulation.The hemorrhage absorb in therapeutic group is more evident than that in control group,There are statistically difference between the two groups(0.01＜P＜0.05).There are sig- nificantly difference between the two groups in increased visual acuity and choroidal neovascularization disappeared(P＜0.01).Couclu- sions Argon laser photocoagulation is effective on macular cloroidal neovasculurition.
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Objective To explore the major types and characteristics of the patients with cilioretinal artery occlusion. Methods Ten patients(10 eyes)with cilioretinal artery occlusion were gathered.Fundus examination and fluorescein angiography were used for the analysis of the clinical manifestations in ten patients. Results Of the ten patients,the isolated occlusion of a cilioretinal artery(which we defined as typeⅠ)was revealed in four patients,the central retinal vein association with cilioretinal artery occlusion(type Ⅱ)was revealed in four patients,central retinal artery association with cilioretinal artery occlusion(type Ⅲ)was revealed in two patients. The images of fundus fluorescein angiography showed fluorescein filled of cilioretinal artery slow,and completely filled of cilioretinal artery late. The visual prognosis is satisfied in typeⅠ,but worse in type Ⅱ and the worst in type Ⅲ. Conclusions The visual prognosis of cilioretinal artery occlusion is different due to the various clinical manifestations revealed. Fundus fluorescein angiography could be used to identify the type and evaluate the visual prognosis of cilioretinal artery occlusion.
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Objective To investigate the safety of fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and method to deal with adverse reactions. Methods We analyzed 2197 patients who underwent FFA in our hospital.The rate of adverse reactions was calculated and the treatment of it was concluded.Results There were 168 cases(7.65%)of adverse reactions occurring in 2197 patients.Of them,the 134 cases were mild ones,the 29 cases were moderate ones,the 5 cases were severe ones.No special treatment was needed for the mild or moderate ad- verse reactions,the symptoms can be relaxed by deep breathing or having a rest for a moment.The symptoms of the severe adverse reactions can be relieved through antianaphylactic treatments and no sequelae left.Conclusions The adverse reactions could occur in FFA examina- tion.We should pay attention to it in clinical practice.It is also important for us to grasp the indications and contraindications and to pre- pare for the emergent adverse reactions.In summary,FFA is generally a safe method for the examination of fundus disease.