Optical coherence tomographic features of feline acute corneal hydrops: A case report.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to describe the optical coherence tomographic features of a cat with acute corneal hydrops. ANIMAL STUDIED: A 4-year-old castrated male domestic shorthaired showing conjunctival redness, ocular discharge, and intermittent squinting of both eyes with asymmetrical disease onset. METHODS: Complete ophthalmic examination and optical coherence tomography were performed. RESULTS: On slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination, severe intrastromal fluid pockets with profound bullae were observed in the dorsomedial region in both eyes. A diagnosis of feline acute corneal hydrops was made in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography revealed profound stromal lamellar separation representing heterogeneous reflective areas, and fluid pockets and bullae of variable size were concomitant to Descemet's membrane detachment demonstrated by a well-defined homogeneous hyporeflective area. Upon reevaluation 30 days during healing process for both eyes, the thickened epithelia and the thinning pan-stromal areas were identified as homogeneously hyper-reflective epithelia and as heterogeneous hyper-reflectivity, respectively. A thickened posterior corneal surface was shown as heterogeneous with patchy hyper-reflectivity. Additionally, Descemet's membrane detachment in the initial presentation had two distinct forms suspicious of Descemet's membrane rupture in each eye: a break with rolled ends and a break with flat ends. CONCLUSION: To the author's knowledge, this study represents the first documentation of in vivo detection of Descemet's membrane detachment and presumed rupture in a cat experiencing acute corneal hydrops. These observations strongly indicate that Descemet's membrane detachment/rupture acts as a most likely risk factor in the onset of acute corneal hydrops in cats.

A case of Candida albicans-induced fungal keratitis in a Chihuahua dog - with a focus on optical coherence tomographic features.

A 4-year-old Chihuahua dog was referred for bilateral corneal ulcers. Slightly raised white fluorescein-positive plaque-like corneal lesions in both eyes appeared as intense hyperreflective areas with posterior shadowing on optical coherence tomography (OCT). Based on corneal cytology and culture, Candida albicans-induced fungal keratitis was diagnosed. Despite treatment, on OCT, endothelial plaques, increased stromal infiltration thickness, vertical shapes of the ulcer edge, and necrotic stromal space were judged to be aggravation of the disease, and surgery was performed. Conjunctival grafting surgery with topical 1% voriconazole effectively resolved fungal keratitis. OCT can provide detailed and objective information related to the disease prognosis.

Effect of oral antioxidants on the progression of canine senile cataracts: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Cataracts are the leading cause of impaired vision or blindness in dogs. There are many antioxidants that can prevent cataract progression, but whether they are clinically effective in dogs has not been established. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the delaying or preventing effect of oral antioxidants on canine senile cataracts through retrospective analysis. METHODS: Medical records of dogs from January 1, 2015 to July 10, 2020 were reviewed. Dogs that were 8 yr of age or older with senile cataracts were included in this study. The dogs were divided into two treatment groups (dogs administered with Ocu-GLO supplement and dogs administered with Meni-One Eye R/C supplement) and a control group (dogs that were not administered any supplement). Dogs with incipient and immature cataracts were included in this study. Altogether, 112 dogs (156 eyes) with incipient cataracts and 60 dogs (77 eyes) with immature cataracts were included. The period of time that cataracts progressed from incipient to immature, and from immature to mature was recorded for each dog. RESULTS: There was no significant delaying effect on the progression of incipient cataracts. However, both Ocu-GLO (hazard ratio = 0.265, p = 0.026) and Meni-One (hazard ratio = 0.246, p = 0.005) significantly delayed the progression of immature cataracts compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no significant delaying effect of oral antioxidants on incipient cataract progression, antioxidants could be used to delay the progression of senile immature cataract.

Comparison of the qualitative and quantitative optical coherence tomographic features between sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome and normal eyes in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the retinal optical coherence tomographic features of sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) and SARDS suspect dogs. ANIMALS STUDIED: Fourteen SARDS affected dogs, 11 age-, breed-, and sex-matched control dogs, and two SARDS suspect dogs. PROCEDURES: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were used to evaluate the quantitative features, including thickness, intereye asymmetry, and longitudinal changes in retinal layer thickness and the qualitative features, including retinal architecture and vitreous haze. RESULTS: Mean outer retinal layer thickness (ORT), outer nuclear layer thickness (ONL), and photoreceptor layer thickness (PRL) were significantly lower in the SARDS group, whereas mean inner retinal layer thickness was significantly higher in the SARDS group than in the control group. While thickness values of all retinal layers did not differ significantly between paired eyes in each group, the absolute intereye asymmetries in the ORT (p < .0001), ONL (p = .008), and PRL (p < .0001) were significantly higher in the SARDS group than in the control group. Some SARDS patients and SARDS suspects had a greater PRL than the control group, and serial OCT evaluation showed an increase in PRL in one SARDS suspect. Vitreous haze severity was greater in the SARDS group than in the control group (vitreous relative intensity, p = .030). CONCLUSIONS: We described the OCT features of SARDS patients and suspects. In particular, PRL thickening in the SARDS suspects might indicate an early change in SARDS. Although further studies are needed, this finding might provide new insights into the pathogenesis of SARDS.