ABSTRACT
The name Yokenella gen. nov. is proposed for a group of organisms in the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical sources and insects. Yokenella is a gram-negative, oxidase-negative, fermentative, motile rod possessing the characteristics of the family Enterobacteriaceae and the guanine plus cytosine contents of the DNA range from 58.0 to 59.3 mol%. Biochemical characteristics of this group and DNA hybridization studies indicate that the 11 strains studied here comprise a separate species which should be best placed in a new genus. This single DNA hybridization group is named Yokenella regensburgei sp. nov. The type strain of Y. regensburgei is NIH 725-83 (JCM 2403).
Subject(s)
Enterobacteriaceae/classification , Animals , Culture Media , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae/growth & development , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Fermentation , Humans , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Ninety-six clinical isolates of Pasteurella, Actinobacillus and related organisms were submitted to our reference laboratory for identification. The procedures for detecting the 11 identified species, Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella ureae, Pasteurella pneumotropica, Actinobacillus lignieresii, Actinobacillus equuli, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, Cardiobacterium hominis, and two unnamed species of CDC groups, HB-5 and EF-4, are described and their clinical importance is discussed. These organisms have been increasingly isolated in Japan and are most often associated with respiratory infections and endocarditis.
Subject(s)
Actinobacillus/isolation & purification , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Pasteurella/isolation & purification , Actinobacillus Infections/microbiology , Animals , Humans , Japan , Pasteurella Infections/microbiologyABSTRACT
During the period from May through July 1981, a comparative study was carried out on the antibacterial activities of cefotaxime (CTX) and ceftizoxime (CZX), cefoperazone (CPZ), latamoxef (LMOX), cefotiam (CTM), cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefazolin (CEZ). CTX and these other cephem antibiotics were tested against fresh clinical isolates which had been obtained from clinical materials by the laboratories of 14 participating medical institutions. 1. The clinical isolates were obtained from various clinical materials in the following decreasing order: urine, sputum and pus/discharge; 85.7% of the isolates came from these materials. 2. Concerning the sources of each species of clinical isolates, it was found that P. aeruginosa was isolated from the greatest number -9- of different clinical materials. This was followed by E. coli and E. cloacae, each isolated from 8 different clinical materials, and C. freundii and E. aerogenes, each found in 7 different clinical materials. 3. In relation to S. pyogenes, S. agalactiae and S. pneumoniae, CTX showed the best antibacterial activity; the second most potent antibiotic was CZX. CMZ and LMOX were found to show relatively high MIC values for those species. Against S. aureus, CEZ showed the best antibacterial activity, but 3 resistant strains had MICs of greater than 100 micrograms/ml. 4. With regard to Gram-negative bacteria, CTX and CZX showed the best antibacterial activities for all of the species, except for P. aeruginosa. These were followed, in order, by LMOX and CPZ. Compared with these 4 antibiotics, CTM, CMZ and CEZ were found to have inferior antibacterial activities against these bacteria. In relation to P. aeruginosa, the peak of the MIC distribution for CPZ was 6.25 micrograms/ml, and this was the best antibacterial activity detected with the various antibiotics tested. This was followed by CTX (25 micrograms/ml) LMOX (25 micrograms/ml) and CZX (50 micrograms/ml). CTM had an MIC of 100 micrograms/ml for 1 strain, and MICs of greater than 100 micrograms/ml for all of the other strains of P. aeruginosa, indicating them to be resistant to this antibiotic. All of the strains were resistant to CMZ and CEZ, showing MICs of greater than 100 micrograms/ml. 5. For each of the tested antibiotics, no correlation was found between the MIC and the serogroup for either P. aeruginosa or S. marcescens.
