ABSTRACT
Background: RAC1 is involved in the progression of HCC as a regulator, but its prognostic performance and the imbalance of immune cell infiltration mediated by it are still unclear. We aim to explore the prognostic and immune properties of RAC1 in HCC. Methods: We separately downloaded the data related to HCC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO database. CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and LASSO algorithm participate in identifying IRGs and the construction of prognostic signatures. Results: The study discovered that RAC1 expression was linked to the severity of HCC lesions, and that its high expression was linked to a poor prognosis. Cox analysis confirmed that RAC1 is a clinically independent prognostic marker. M0, M1 and M2 macrophages' abundance are significantly different in HCC. We found 828 IRGs related to macrophage infiltration, and established a novel 11-gene signature with excellent prognostic performance. RAC1-based risk score and M0 macrophage has a good ability to predict overall survival. Conclusion: The immune state of irregular macrophage infiltration may be one of the precursors to carcinogenesis. The RAC1 correlated with M0 macrophage and the risk score to show a good performance to predict the survival of HCC patients.
ABSTRACT
Micromotors are extensively applied in various fields, including cell separation, drug delivery and environmental protection. Micromotors with high speed and good biocompatibility are highly desirable. Bubble-driven micromotors, propelled by the recoil effect of bubbles ejection, show good performance of motility. The toxicity of concentrated hydrogen peroxide hampers their practical applications in many fields, especially biomedical ones. In this paper, the latest progress was reviewed in terms of constructing fast, bubble-driven micromotors which use biocompatible fuels, including low-concentration fuels, bioactive fluids, and enzymes. The geometry of spherical and tubular micromotors could be optimized to acquire good motility using a low-concentration fuel. Moreover, magnesium- and aluminum-incorporated micromotors move rapidly in water if the passivation layer is cleared in the reaction process. Metal micromotors demonstrate perfect motility in native acid without any external chemical fuel. Several kinds of enzymes, including catalase, glucose oxidase, and ureases were investigated to serve as an alternative to conventional catalysts. They can propel micromotors in dilute peroxide or in the absence of peroxide.
