Efficacy and Safety of Ciprofol for Sedation/Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Hysteroscopy: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of ciprofol and propofol for sedation during hysteroscopy. Methods: A total of 149 patients undergoing hysteroscopy were randomly assigned to a ciprofol (Group C) or propofol group (Group P). All cases received intravenous sufentanil 0.1 µg/kg for analgesic preconditioning. Group C received an induction dose of ciprofol 0.4 mg/kg and a maintenance dosage of 0.6-1.2 mg/kg/h to maintain BIS value between 40-60. In Group P, propofol was started at 2.0 mg/kg and then maintained at 3.0-6.0 mg/kg/h. The primary outcome was the successful rate of hysteroscopy. Secondary outcomes included the change of hemodynamic, respiratory adverse events, injection pain, body movement, recovery time, anesthetist's satisfaction, time of disappearance of the eyelash reflex and the incidence of nausea and vomiting. Results: The success rate of hysteroscopy in each group was 100%. After drug administration, the incidence of hypotension in Group C was much lower than that in Group P (P< 0.05). The incidence of respiratory adverse events in Group C (4.0%) was much lower than that in Group P (31.1%) (P< 0.05). The incidence of injection pain and body movement in Group C was significantly lower than that in Group P (P< 0.05). The mean eyelash reflex disappearance time was less than 3 minutes in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in awakening times, anesthetist's satisfaction and the incidence of nausea and vomiting. No serious adverse events occurred in any patients. Conclusion: Ciprofol proved to be a safer alternative to propofol for anesthesia during hysteroscopy. In comparison to propofol, ciprofol does not cause injection pain, exerts less impact on hemodynamics, and results in less respiratory depression.

Clinical effect of different doses of ciprofol for induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients: A randomized, controlled trial.

Ciprofol is a newly developed intravenous anesthetic agent with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Compared to propofol, ciprofol exhibits stronger binding to the GABAA receptor and elicits a greater enhancement of GABAA receptor-mediated neuronal currents in vitro. The aims of the present clinical trials were to examine the safety and efficacy of different doses of ciprofol for induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients. A total of 105 elderly patients undergoing elective surgery were randomized, in a 1:1:1 ratio, to receive one of three sedation regimens: (1) the C1 group (0.2 mg/kg ciprofol), (2) the C2 group (0.3 mg/kg ciprofol), (3) the C3 group (0.4 mg/kg ciprofol). The primary outcome was the incidence of various adverse events, including hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, tachycardia, hypoxemia, and injection pain. The secondary outcomes of efficacy were the success rate of general anesthesia induction, the time to anesthesia induction, and the frequency of remedial sedation was recorded in each group. Adverse events occurred in 13 patients (37%) in group C1, 8 patients (22%) in group C2, and 24 patients (68%) in group C3. Compared with group C2, the total incidence of adverse events was significantly higher in group C1 and group C3 (p < .001).The success rate of general anesthesia induction in the three groups was 100%. Compared with group C1, the frequency of remedial sedation was significantly lower in group C2 and group C3. The outcomes demonstrated that ciprofol at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg has good safety and efficacy in the induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients. Overall, ciprofol is a new and viable option for the induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing elective surgery.

Study of Feasibility and Safety of Higher-Dose Dexmedetomidine in Special Outpatient Examination of Pediatric Ophthalmology.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility and safety of higher-dose dexmedetomidine in ophthalmological outpatient examination of children with cataract. METHODS: 100 cases of children were recruited in the study and randomly equally divided into two groups. One group was given 2 µg/kg intranasal dexmedetomidine anesthesia, while the other group was under 3 µg/kg. The dosage of dexmedetomidine was calculated by the same anesthesiologist according to the weight of patient. After sufficient sedation, the same ophthalmologist performed ocular examinations manually, including intraocular pressure, keratometry, axial length, and corneal thickness and recorded the ocular position score during intraocular pressure measurement and corneal thickness measurement. Other variables were sedation onset time, recovery time, vital signs, and side effects. RESULTS: In intraocular pressure measurement, only one case in the 2 µg/kg group did not complete the examination, while all cases in the 3 µg/kg group completed the examination and the difference of the success rate between the two groups was nonsignificant (P > 0.05). The success rates of the 3 µg/kg group in corneal curvature, axial length, and corneal thickness examination were 96%, 92%, and 86%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the 2 µg/kg group (22%, 18%, and 4%). The average onset time of sedation in the 3 µg/kg group was 15.42 ± 2.09 minutes, which was significantly shorter than that in the 2 µg/kg group (19.52 ± 2.43 minutes, P < 0.001). The average time of completing all examinations in the 3 µg/kg group was 18.36 ± 4.01 minutes, which was significantly shorter than that in the 2 µg/kg group (22.62 ± 4.13 min, P < 0.001). The recovery time of group 3 µg/kg was 90.62 ± 27.80 min, which was significantly longer than that of group 2 µg/kg (49.20 ± 15.50 min). Vital signs such as pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and heart rate kept in normal range throughout the tests, and no obvious side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: 3 µg/kg intranasal dexmedetomidine had a higher sedation success rate and quality than 2 µg/kg did in pediatric ocular examinations, without any obvious side effects.