Role of apolipoproteins in the pathogenesis of obesity.

Obesity is a state presented by excessive accumulation and abnormal distribution of body fat, with metabolic disorders being one of its distinguishing features. Obesity is associated with dyslipidemia and apolipoproteins are important structural components of plasma lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins influence the progression of obesity by a variety of mechanisms including lipid metabolism, energy expenditure and inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss the role of apolipoproteins in obesity, mechanisms of action as well as their potential as new therapeutic targets.

Research progress on the mechanism of beta-cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) is regarded as one of the most severe chronic metabolic diseases worldwide, which poses a great threat to human safety and health. The main feature of T2DM is the deterioration of pancreatic beta-cell function. More and more studies have shown that the decline of pancreatic beta-cell function in T2DM can be attributable to beta-cell apoptosis, but the exact mechanisms of beta-cell apoptosis in T2DM are not yet fully clarified. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the current status and progress of research on the mechanism of pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis in T2DM, to provide new ideas for T2DM treatment strategies.

Research progress on the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy: Based on immunity, noncoding RNA and exosomes.

Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, is a common potentially vision-threatening organ-specific autoimmune disease and the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease. It can happen to those who have hyperthyroidism or euthyroidism. At present, the pathogenesis of GO has not been fully elucidated, and the majority of clinical treatments are symptomatic. Therefore, we are eager to discover any new therapeutic strategies that target the etiology of GO. To provide fresh ideas for the creation of new therapeutic techniques, this study primarily discusses the research state and progress of GO-related pathogenesis from the perspectives of GO's cellular immunity, autoantigens, non-coding RNAs, and exosomes.