Filler Rhinoplasty Evaluated by Anthropometric Analysis.

BACKGROUND: There are no reports of objectively evaluating the efficacy of filler rhinoplasty by anthropometric techniques. OBJECTIVE: To objectively demonstrate the effectiveness of filler rhinoplasty by anthropometric analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 242 patients who revisited the clinic within 2 months of undergoing hyaluronic acid filler rhinoplasty were analyzed based on the injection site, injected volume, and the change in anthropometry. RESULTS: Among the 242 patients, 112 (46.3%) were in the nasal dorsum augmentation group, 8 (3.3%) were in the tip rotation group, and 122 (50.4%) were in the whole nose augmentation group. Average injection volume was 1 ± 0.4 mL for nasal dorsum and 0.9 ± 0.3 mL for tip rotation, whereas 1.6 ± 0.5 mL was used for whole nose augmentation. On follow-up, the radix height, nasofrontal angle, and nasolabial angle (NLA) had increased by 78.3%, 5.7 ± 4.1°, and 9.4 ± 4.5°, respectively, whereas the modified nasofacial angle had decreased by 1.9 ± 2.9°. Three cases (1.2%) of vascular complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: Filler rhinoplasty is a simple and effective treatment modality producing outcomes comparable with surgical augmentation rhinoplasty. Among various anthropometric measurements, the nasal radix height was the most useful for evaluating dorsum augmentation, whereas the NLA was the best for nasal tip rotation.

Novel facial cosmetic area 'O zone' shows unique characteristics in sebum excretion and acne lesion distribution.

BACKGROUND: We usually divided cosmetic facial zone into the T zone and U zone by the level of sebum secretion. Our recent studies suggested that the perioral area showed different characteristics in the aspect of acne development. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the unique characteristics of the O zone (perioral area) among the three facial areas. METHODS: A total of 102 patients clinically diagnosed as acne vulgaris were included. The acne lesions were counted from the clinical digital photographs by facial areas. The sebum level was measured using Sebumeter(®) . Area-weighted (AW) sebum and AW density of three areas of face were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed according to age and gender. RESULTS: There were no differences in the mean AW sebum level between the gender and age groups. Male has higher AW density of acne lesions than female at the O zone. The mean AW density of acne lesions on the NT zone, U zone, and whole face showed decrease by age, but at the O zone, 21-30 years group showed the highest mean AW density of acne. LIMITATIONS: Age- and gender-matched patients do not represent the whole acne patients. CONCLUSION: We suggested that the O zone is an independent facial zone, which showed a moderate-to-high sebum secreting area, maintained the acne lesions development by age, and predominated acne lesions in the male acne patients than female acne patients. Therefore, the O zone should be separated from the usual cosmetic T zone, and NT zone should replace the old T zone.

Two cases of thrombosis of the palmar digital vein.

Palmar digital vein thrombosis causing one or more nodules seems to be a relatively rare condition, judging by the dearth of reports in the literature. It should always be considered in a patient who presents with a painful, firm, blue nodule located at or in close proximity to one of the flexion crease of the finger. Common lesions presenting as one or more solid digital nodules are ganglions, epidermal inclusion cysts, giant cell tumors, and lipomas. Thrombosis of the palmar digital veins should, however, be part of the differential diagnosis of palmar digital nodules because it is possible to manage it conservatively. We report two cases of thrombosis of palmar digital vein in a 33-year-old woman and a 78-year-old man.

A case of sinusoidal hemangioma with lipoma.

Sinusoidal hemangioma is a distinctive subset of a group of lesions known collectively as cavernous hemangiomas. Clinically, it develops in adults, predominantly females, and presents as a solitary, painless, bluish, deep dermal or subcutaneous nodule. Lipoma is the most common benign soft tissue tumor. Lipoma is distinguished from sinusoidal hemangioma on both clinical and histological grounds. Several studies have suggested that adipocytes originate from perivascular cells during adipogenesis. Angiogenic cytokines released by adipocytes play a role in the vasoproliferative response. The rearrangement or loss of chromosome 13 can also be associated with hemangioma. However, no previous cases of sinusoidal hemangioma have been associated with benign tumors like lipoma. Here, we describe an unusual case of sinusoidal hemangioma that occurred together with a lipoma on the right upper arm of a 43-year-old male.

Fatal Cutaneous γ/δ T-Cell Lymphoma with Central Nerve System Metastasis.

Cutaneous γ/δ T-cell lymphoma is an extremely rare and highly aggressive tumor that is often resistant to treatment, such as polychemotherapy and radiotherapy. Due to the complexity of clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features of this disease entity, the physician should perform a careful evaluation; however, treatment should be rapid and aggressive. We present a case of fatal cutaneous γ/δ T-cell lymphoma of a 55-year old woman who died after recurrence with central nerve system metastasis.

A Two-week Interval Is Better Than a Three-week Interval for Reducing the Recurrence Rate of Hand-foot Viral Warts after Cryotherapy: A Retrospective Review of 560 Hand-foot Viral Warts Patients.

BACKGROUND: Viral warts are a common infectious disease and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy is one of the most common methods for treatment of these warts. Hand-foot viral warts frequently recur and reduce quality of life as well. OBJECTIVE: To find the ideal treatment interval between cryotherapy sessions that can influence not only the cure rate but also the recurrence rate for hand-foot viral warts. METHODS: A retrospective study was designed to compare a 2 week interval and a 3 week interval between cryotherapy sessions on hand-foot viral warts with respect to cure rate, recurrence rate, treatment number, duration of treatment, mean time to recurrence and adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 560 patients were enrolled. The overall cure rate was 75.7% and the recurrence rate was 19.6%. The mean time to recurrence was 7.8 months (range 1~26 months). For the 2-week and 3-week groups, cure rates were, respectively, 76.6% (196) and 75.0% (228); recurrence rates were 13.3% (26) and 25.0% (57). The mean time to recurrence was 9.8 months and 6.9 months, respectively. Adverse events were not statistically different. CONCLUSION: We suggested that 2-week cryotherapy is optimal not only because of the rapid cure but also because of the lower recurrence rate and similar adverse events.

Xanthelasma palpebrarum treatment with a 1,450-nm-diode laser.

BACKGROUND: Various treatments of xanthelasma palpebrarum have been studied, including surgical excision, treatment with chemicals, and ablative laser therapy, but these methods have some disadvantages. Recently, nonablative laser therapy has been proposed as a treatment for xanthelasma palpebrarum. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a 1,450-nm-diode laser in the treatment of xanthelasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients were treated using a 1,450-nm-diode laser. Fluences of 12 J/cm(2) , a 6-mm spot size, and a dynamic cooling device setting of 20 to 30 ms were used. One to four treatments 4 to 6 weeks apart were given to each patient. Photographs were taken before each treatment session and 4 to 6 weeks after the last treatment. RESULTS: Two (12.5%), eight (50%), and four (25%) of the 16 patients were scored as having some (20-40% clearing), moderate (40-60% clearing), and marked (60-80% clearing) improvement, respectively. Focal mild transient hyperpigmentation was noted in five patients. Post-treatment local swelling lasted 3 to 4 days. CONCLUSION: The 1,450-nm-diode laser treatment is a new, valuable treatment option for xanthelasma palpebrarum, offering relatively mild side effects. Studies including long term follow up and a comparison with alternative treatment modalities are necessary to further assess the clinical utility of this treatment. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.

The role of KLF4 in UVB-induced murine skin tumor development and its correlation with cyclin D1, p53, and p21(Waf1/Cip1) in epithelial tumors of the human skin.

The zinc-finger-type transcriptional factor KLF4 is expressed in a variety of tissues including skin. KLF4 can function as either a tumor suppressor or an oncogene, depending on the type of tissue in which it is expressed, by modulating the expression of various factors. To understand the role of KLF4 in human skin cancer and also to evaluate the expression of cyclin D1, p53, and p21(Waf1/Cip1) in relation to the expression of KLF4, we evaluated the pattern of KLF4 expression during UVB-induced skin tumor development in SKH-1 hairless mice and in human skin cancer. We also determined whether there are correlations between the expression of KLF4, cyclin D1, p53, and p21 and non-melanoma skin tumors. KLF4 expression was found in the basal layer of non-irradiated control murine skin. Chronic UVB irradiation caused a progressive decrease in KLF4 expression, which was substantially decreased in UVB-induced murine skin tumors. In human precancerous lesions, KLF4 expression was maintained in 64.3% of Bowen's disease samples and 90.0% of AK samples. In contrast, KLF4 expression was significantly reduced in human cancer lesions (p = 0.004). A positive correlation was found between the expression of KLF4 and p21(Waf1/Cip1) in AK, whereas there was a negative correlation between the expression of cyclin D1 and p21(Waf1/Cip1) in Bowen's disease. Thus, our results suggest that KLF4 may function as a tumor suppressor in the skin and that the deregulated expression of KLF4 in the context of p21(Waf1/Cip1) and cyclin D1 expression may be involved in skin tumorigenesis.