ABSTRACT
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most diagnosed cancer in 112 countries and the second leading cause of death in men in 48 countries. We studied the outstanding agents silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and Spirulina algae (Sp) for the management of PCa once as monotherapy or last as a combination. PCa in rats was induced using bicalutamide (Casodex®) and testosterone, followed by (7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene). Then, testosterone was injected s.c. for 3 months. Rats were divided into six groups, with 12 rats in each group. Group I was assigned as the control (co), group II as the PCa model, group III treated with AgNPs, group IV treated with Spirulina extract, group V treated with a combination of AgNPs plus Spirulina, and group VI treated with bicalutamide. The results show that AgNPs could normalize IL-6 levels and could overcome the hormonal disturbance induced in PCa rats along the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis. Spirulina revealed a significant reduction in the level of total and free prostatic specific antigen (PSA) to the same level as bicalutamide treatment, which was the same as the control group. Histopathological study revealed regression (75%) of the histological pattern of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) for Spirulina alone, and (50%) for bicalutamide. The best effect on IL-6 decline was reached with the AgNPs/Spirulina combination as well as bicalutamide treatment compared with the PCa group. Bicalutamide treatment significantly decreased the PSA concentration relative to the PCa group and reached the normal level. Adding Spirulina to AgNPs as a combination enhanced its effect on all mentioned drawbacks associated with PCa except hormonal imbalance that needs more adjustments.
Subject(s)
Metal Nanoparticles , Prostatic Neoplasms , Spirulina , Humans , Male , Animals , Rats , Silver/pharmacology , Prostate-Specific Antigen , Interleukin-6 , Prostatic Neoplasms/chemically induced , Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , TestosteroneSubject(s)
Colonic Diseases/etiology , Duodenal Diseases/etiology , Duodenal Ulcer/surgery , Intestinal Fistula/etiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Adult , Colonic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Colonic Diseases/epidemiology , Duodenal Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Duodenal Diseases/epidemiology , Humans , Incidence , Intestinal Fistula/diagnostic imaging , Intestinal Fistula/epidemiology , Male , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Radiography , Tunisia/epidemiologySubject(s)
Abdominal Injuries/complications , Colonic Diseases/surgery , Intestinal Perforation/surgery , Abdominal Injuries/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Colonic Diseases/diagnosis , Colonic Diseases/etiology , Colostomy , Female , Humans , Intestinal Perforation/diagnosis , Intestinal Perforation/etiology , Male , Middle Aged , Tunisia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
A cDNA library was prepared from poly(A+) RNA isolated from fetal bovine pancreas. Bacterial colonies were screened for sequences homologous to a rat preproinsulin I cDNA probe. Ten positive clones were selected at random and further studied. Northern blot analyses revealed that seven of these clones hybridized to a single RNA species, of approximately 400 nucleotides. Sequence analysis of one of these clones (pbI2885) revealed the entire structural region of bovine preproinsulin mRNA including a 72 nucleotide region encoding a signal peptide enriched in hydrophobic residues. The overall nucleotide homology between bovine and human preproinsulin mRNA was 76% for the preregion, 89% for the A chain, 83% for the B chain, and 68% for the C peptide (including a 15 nucleotide deletion).
