Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Humans , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/adverse effects , Male , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/drug therapy , Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/congenital , Diarrhea , Immune System Diseases/congenitalABSTRACT
Flea-borne typhus is a vector-borne disease caused by Rickettsia typhi that occurs worldwide, except in Antarctica. In the United States, most cases are restricted to California, Hawaii, and Texas. The syndrome is characterized by nonspecific signs and symptoms: fever, headache, rash, arthralgia, cough, hepatosplenomegaly, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Although flea-borne typhus can cause pulmonary, neurological, and renal complications, the cardiovascular system is rarely affected. We present a case of endocarditis resulting from flea-borne typhus diagnosed by blood microbial cell-free DNA testing that required valve replacement and antibiotic therapy for 6 months. In addition, we review 20 cases of presumed and confirmed cardiovascular manifestations resulting from flea-borne typhus in the literature.
Subject(s)
Siphonaptera , Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne , Humans , Animals , Typhus, Epidemic Louse-Borne/drug therapy , Typhus, Endemic Flea-Borne/diagnosis , Rickettsia typhi , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Siphonaptera/microbiologyABSTRACT
We report a case of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome (RHS) in the setting of acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (AHI). In addition, we review 11 previously reported cases of RHS precipitated by AHI and discuss strategies in the diagnosis and management of these overlapping clinical entities.
