Revision of Eupyrochroa Blair, 1914 (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae) based on morphological comparison and molecular phylogenetics.

Eupyrochroa Blair, 1914 is a small genus of fire-colored beetles (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae) with two putative species recorded from limited historical distributions in China. The two species, E. insignita (Fairmaire, 1894) and E. limbaticollis (Pic, 1909), have been distinguished on the basis of color differences in the pronotum and scutellum, characters now known to exhibit significant variability. In the present study, adult morphology of the two species was compared, and partial fragments of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from 36 samples representing 14 pyrochroid species were obtained by extraction and a GenBank search. Nucleotide composition, genetic distance, and phylogeny were analyzed. The results of morphological and molecular analyses indicate consistency, suggesting that the two species are indistinguishable by any significant measure. Therefore, Eupyrochroa limbaticollis (Pic, 1909) is proposed as a junior synonym of E. insignita (Fairmaire, 1894). The species is also redescribed and illustrated, including both adults and larvae.

Oblatopyrochroabellula, an enigmatic new genus and species of Pyrochroinae (Coleoptera, Pyrochroidae) from Xizang, China.

Oblatopyrochroabellula, a new genus and species of Pyrochroinae Latreille, 1807 from Xizang, China, is described and illustrated. The antennae, cranial apparatus, and genitalia of the new genus form a truly unique set of characters not observed in any other pyrochroid genus. The taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships of Oblatopyrochroagen. nov. are also discussed but appear difficult to resolve.

What Could Highly Engaged Workers Gain From Mental Health Promotion Programs?: An Exploratory Analysis of Secondary Outcomes of Brief Daily Workplace Well-being Programs.

OBJECTIVE: The current study aims to examine the effects of mental health programs on well-being among highly engaged workers. METHODS: Participants were randomly allocated to body-mind-spiritual or peer support program. Of the whole sample, we examined participants' work engagement and positive affect from the highest quarter and the lowest quarter of work engagement at baseline. Measures were taken at baseline and 1-month intervals during 3-month programs and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: The programs had decreasing effects on work engagement in the HWE subgroup. There is an increasing trend of positive affect on the HWE group only in the body-mind-spiritual program. The trajectories of work engagement in the HWE group moved toward a moderate level. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the work engagement's decrease in the HWE group could be a sign of recovery and relaxation.

Descriptions of the mature larva and adult female of Pseudopyrochroa girardi Young from Southwest China (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae), with natural history observations.

Larvae of Pseudopyrochroa girardi were collected beneath bark and in coarse, decaying woody debris of dead logs in Yaan City, Sichuan Province, China. The species association was confirmed by rearing both males and females to the adult stage. The last instar larva is described and illustrated, along with the first description of the adult female. Observations relating to the larval/pupal macro- and microhabitats and natural history are also provided and illustrated. A brief discussion of the significance of such discoveries is presented in relation to the Mountains of Southwest China global biodiversity hotspot and conservation implications relating to forests and saproxylic species like Pyrochroidaae.

A new species of Pseudopyrochroa Pic, 1906 from Southwest China (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) based on the last instar larva and adults, with natural history observations.

A new species of the fire-colored beetle genus Pseudopyrochroa Pic, 1906, P. euryfoveata Zhan & Young, sp. n., is described and illustrated from Sichuan Province, Southwest China, based on the last larval instar (exuviae) as well as adult male and female specimens. Observations relating to the larval macro- and microhabitats and natural history notes are provided.

Descriptions of the mature larva and pupa of Pseudopyrochroa facialis (Fairmaire) from Southwest China (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae), with redescriptions of adult stages and notes on natural history.

Larvae and pupae of Pseudopyrochroa facialis were collected beneath bark and in coarse, decaying woody debris of a standing, dead Cyclobalanopsis glauca tree in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China. The species association was confirmed by rearing both males and females to the adult stage. This represents the first record of a mainland Chinese species of Pseudopyrochroa to be reared in order to establish species association and identity. The mature larva and pupa are described and illustrated along with descriptions and illustrations of reared and additional adult males and females. Observations relating to the larval/pupal macro- and microhabitats and natural history are provided.

Typical intracranial myiasis in Nigerian red river hogs (Potamochoerus porcus) caused by an unknown bot fly (Diptera: Oestridae).

We report an unknown taxon of bot fly (Diptera: Oestridae: Oestrinae) in red river hogs (Potamochoerus porcus Linnaeus, 1758) in Cross River State, Nigeria. From direct observation and interviews with local hunters, we document that, remarkably, the parasite typically occurs within the intracranial supra-meningeal space - i.e., between the inner wall of the skull and the brain - but without causing visible inflammation or clinical signs. The parasite is most similar (up to 87.9%) to Rhinoestrus usbekistanicus based on cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 DNA sequencing but is sufficiently divergent phylogenetically to represent a new or previously un-sequenced taxon. Morphologically, the parasite shares some, but not all, features with R. nivarleti. Local cultural belief systems attribute aspects of red river hog behavior (e.g. intelligence, elusiveness) to the parasite, suggesting a prolonged presence in the red river hog population. The parasite's unusual anatomic location may be aberrant, or it may be a protective adaptation to life in red river hogs, which forage vigorously with their snouts.

Feasibility of Self-Guided Online Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for University Students During COVID-19.

Objective: This study aimed to test the feasibility and efficacy of a self-guided online cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT) for university students in Hong Kong during COVID-19. Method: One group pre-post-test design with convenient sampling was adopted in this study, involving 84 university students who received a newly developed iCBT within an 8 week intervention period. The iCBT offered eight online modules for students to learn the skills of CBT at home through an online platform which was accessible any time anywhere anonymously with technical support only. Standardized assessment tools were used for outcomes assessment at the pre- and post-intervention periods. Results: Three quarters of participants completed all iCBT modules. The results of paired t-tests showed that, after completing the iCBT, participants showed reduction in anxiety, depression, and perceived stress. Conclusion: This study provides preliminary evidences to support the feasibility and efficacy of the self-guided iCBT for university students during COVID-19.

The Adult, Larva, and Pupa of a New Pseudopyrochroa (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from China, with Molecular Phylogenetic Inferences.

A new species of Pseudopyrochroa Pic, 1906, P. reni Pan & Young, n. sp., is described from the western region of Mt. Qinling, China. Larvae, pupae, and adults were associated using molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA COI barcode sequences. All three stages are described and illustrated. Additionally, preliminary phylogenetic relationships among five genera and 14 species of Pyrochroidae, including Pseudopyrochroa, are hypothesized based on COI sequence data. The fauna of Pyrochroidae from the Mt. Qinling biodiversity conservation area is discussed.

A new Pseudopyrochroa Pic, 1906 from Yunnan, China with a key to adultPseudopyrochroa males from the Province and correction on type repository for Frontodendroidopsis pennyi Young (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae).

A new species of the fire-colored beetle genus Pseudopyrochroa Pic, 1906, is described from northwestern Yunnan Province, China. The new species, Pseudopyrochroa grzymalae, is superficially similar to P. cardoni (Fairmaire), known from Kashmir and Sikkim. A complete species diagnosis is presented along with a key to adult males of the five known Yunnan Pseudopyrochroa species. The repository for the holotype of Frontodendroidopsis pennyi Young is corrected from the California Academy of Sciences to the Institute of Zoology, Bejing.

Eprinomectin from a sustained release formulation adversely affected dung breeding insects.

The insecticidal activity of parasiticide residues in dung of cattle treated with a sustained release eprinomectin formulation was examined, and an improved eprinomectin dung residue extraction method is presented. Emergent insect abundance and richness were significantly reduced in all post-treatment intervals (7, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 d), relative to pre-treatment. Emergent insect diversity was reduced for between 84 and 112 d post-treatment. Collembola were not affected by residues. Chemical analyses subsequently documented residues of eprinomectin in dung of each collection period post-treatment at levels expected based on previously reported excretion profiles for this product. Cattle subcutaneously injected with this product excreted residues that reduced dung-breeding insect emergence for 5 mo post-treatment. The consequences of these long-term non-target effects to pasture ecosystems are not known.

Predictors and Prevalence of Recovery and Remission for Consumers Discharged from Mental Hospitals in a Chinese Society.

This research study examines the 1 year rate of recovery and remissions for consumers recently discharging from mental hospitals and identifies factors predicting recovery and remissions in the Hong Kong context. By adopting a prospective longitudinal follow-up research design, a cohort of Chinese people discharged from the mental hospitals and participating in a community-based psychosocial program was followed for 1 year. These individuals were assessed by using standardized assessment scales at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months of follow-up. At 1 year follow up, the rates of recovery, functional and symptomatic remission were 8.0%, 23.0% and 79.3% respectively. Logistic regression analyses indicted that: current recovery was significantly predicted by baseline functioning level and achieving open employment, symptomatic remission was significantly predicted by previous symptom severity and having open employment at baseline, while functional remission was significantly predicted by previous functioning level and having open employment. Result indicates that it is more difficult to achieve functional remission and recovery than symptomatic remission for consumers recently discharging from mental hospitals. Also, symptomatic remission is found not a sufficient condition for recovery, while functional remission plays a vital role in recovery. Helping consumers to achieve open employment and improve social functioning are identified as the predicting factors for recovery and functional remission in the local context.

Description of the mature larva of Pseudopyrochroa depressa (Pic) (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae), with comparison to other Taiwanese Pseudopyrochroa.

Field collections and rearing has established an association between the larva and adult of the Taiwanese Pseudopyrochroa depressa. Larvae were collected from beneath bark of the exposed portions of a dead, decaying log in a mesic montane forest and successfully reared to the adult stage. The mature larva is described and salient features are illustrated and compared to other known pyrochroid larvae from Taiwan. Notes on larval habitats and natural history are also provided.

Descriptions of the mature larvae for two species of Pseudopyrochroa from Taiwan (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae), with notes on their natural history.

Field collections and rearing have established the first species-level associations for larvae of Pyrochroidae from Taiwan. Larvae of Pseudopyrochroa carinifrons and Pseudopyrochroa fainanensis were collected from beneath bark and in coarse, decaying woody debris of dead logs and successfully reared to the respective adult stages. The mature larvae are described and salient features are illustrated. Notes on larval habitats and natural history are also provided.

The ghost sex-life of the paedogenetic beetle Micromalthus debilis.

Genetic and sexual systems can be evolutionarily dynamic within and among clades. However, identifying the processes responsible for switches between, for instance, sexual and asexual reproduction, or cyclic and non-cyclic life histories remains challenging. When animals evolve parthenogenetic reproduction, information about the sexual mating system becomes lost. Here we report an extraordinary case where we have been able to resurrect sexual adults in a species of beetle that reproduces by parthenogenetic paedogenesis, without the production of adults. Via heat treatment, we were able to artificially induce adult beetles of Micromalthus debilis in order to describe its pre-paedogenetic mating system. Adults showed a highly female biased sex ratio, out-breeding behaviour, and sex-role reversal. Paedogenetic larvae of Micromalthus are infected with the endosymbiotic bacteria Rickettsia and Wolbachia. Clear signs of vestigialization in adults are concurrent with the loss of adults. Our data suggest an ancient female sex ratio bias that predates the loss of adults, perhaps associated with endosymbionts. We propose a model for the transition from a haplodiploid cyclical parthenogenetic life history to parthenogenetic paedogenesis. Paedogenetic development induces a new mechanism of sex ratio bias in midges, wasps and beetles.

THE MELOIDAE (COLEOPTERA) OF WISCONSIN.

There are recent faunistic surveys of selected insect taxa (e.g. Mutillidae, Scarabaeoidea, and Tenebrionidae) in Wisconsin but a formal investigation of the Meloidae (blister beetles) is lacking. The blister beetle fauna of several states has been published, but this study represents the first in the Midwestern United States. We provide a comprehensive list of all meloid species documented from Wisconsin. Also included are taxonomic keys as well as summaries for each species (species pages) which includes taxonomy, description, and natural history. Specimens were obtained from public and private collections, and field sampling. This survey advances our knowledge of meloids in Wisconsin as well as provides a contribution beyond this geographic area. During this survey, 28 meloid species in seven genera were documented in Wisconsin from 2605 specimens. Of these taxa, 10 species are considered new state records. While Epicauta pensylvanica represented nearly half of the specimens reviewed, and likely inhabits all counties within the state, other species were rarely encountered. This includes 10 species which were represented by seven specimens or fewer in this study. It is unclear if the rarity of these specimens is correlated with the rarity of the species or if it is due to other factors. Regardless, these rarely collected meloids in Wisconsin warrant further attention.

A new species of Pseudopyrochroa Pic, 1906 (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from the Mae Chaem District, Thailand.

A new species of the fire-colored beetle genus Pseudopyrochroa Pic, 1906, is described from the Mae Chaem District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The new species, Pseudopyrochroa inthanonensis sp. nov., is superficially similar to Pseudopyrochroa basalis (Pic), Pseudopyrochroa cardoni (Fairmaire) and Pseudopyrochroa fainanensis (Pic) by virtue of body color, antennal form and prothoracic shape. It is the second species of the genus known from Thailand, the other being Pseudopyrochroa diversicornis (Blair).

A single blind randomized control trial on support groups for Chinese persons with mild dementia.

PURPOSE: Persons with mild dementia experience multiple losses and manifest depressive symptoms. This research study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a support group led by a social worker for Chinese persons with mild dementia. RESEARCH METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned to either a ten-session support group or a control group. Standardized assessment tools were used for data collection at pretreatment and post-treatment periods by a research assistant who was kept blind to the group assignment of the participants. Upon completion of the study, 20 treatment group participants and 16 control group participants completed all assessments. RESULTS: At baseline, the treatment and control groups did not show any significant difference on all demographic variables, as well as on all baseline measures; over one-half (59%) of all the participants reported having depression, as assessed by a Chinese Geriatric Depression Scale score ≥8. After completing the support group, the depressive mood of the treatment group participants reduced from 8.83 (standard deviation =2.48) to 7.35 (standard deviation =2.18), which was significant (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; P=0.017, P<0.05), while the control group's participants did not show any significant change. CONCLUSION: This present study supports the efficacy and effectiveness of the support group for persons with mild dementia in Chinese society. In particular, this present study shows that a support group can reduce depressive symptoms for participants.

Two new species of Phyllocladus (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from China, with a key to males of the Chinese species.

Phyllocladus bilobatus, sp. nov., is described from three males taken in mountainous regions of western Hubei and northern Sichuan provinces in central China. All specimens were collected in mid-June at elevations ranging from 1950-2000 meters. Phyllocladus cinnabarus, sp. nov., is described from a single male collected in Jiangkou County, northeastern Guizhou province, south-central China. An illustrated key to males of the four Chinese Phyllocladus is presented.

First report of an attractant for a tumbling flower beetle (Coleoptera: Mordellidae).

In 2004 and 2005, large numbers of the tumbling flower beetle, Falsomordellistena bihamata (Melsheimer), were found on traps baited with sweet birch oil, whereas significantly fewer individuals were found on control traps. In both years, peak captures were at 680 DD10 degrees C. Trapping was conducted in Naugatuck State Forest in Naugatuck, CT. Little is known about the ecology and biology of the tumbling flower beetles (Coleoptera: Mordellidae), and the larval food plant for this species is not known. Thus, we cannot say why the beetle is attracted to sweet birch oil. Sweet birch oil is approximately 99.8% methyl salicylate (MeSA). MeSA is found constitutively in large quantities in some plants, but it is also an important signal in, and product of, plant stress-response pathways. MeSA has been found to attract both herbivores that need stressed plants as food and natural enemies of herbivores in stressed plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mass trapping of a tumbling flower beetle. Fuller understanding of the phenomenon awaits further study.