Effects of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation with a Metronome-Guided Walking Pace in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Despite documented efficacy and recommendations, pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been underutilized. Home-based PR was proposed as an alternative, but there were limited data. The adequate exercise intensity was also a crucial issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of home-based PR with a metronome-guided walking pace on functional exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in COPD. The subjects participated in a 12-week home-based PR program. Exercise intensity was initially determined by cardiopulmonary exercise test, and was readjusted (the interval of metronome beeps was reset) according to submaximal endurance test. Six-minute walk test, pulmonary function test, cardiopulmonary exercise test, and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were done before and after the 12-week program, and at 6 months after completion of rehabilitation. Thirty-three patients participated in the program. Six-minute walking distance was significantly increased (48.8 m; P = 0.017) and the SGRQ score was also improved (-15; P < 0.001) over the six-month follow-up period after rehabilitation. There were no significant differences in pulmonary function and peak exercise parameters. We developed an effective home-based PR program with a metronome-guided walking pace for COPD patients. This rehabilitation program may improve functional exercise capacity and HRQOL.

Effects of Abdominal Obesity and Health Related Physical Fitness in Arterial Stiffness of Korean Males / 대한스포츠의학회지

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between waist circumference, muscular strength, flexibility, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Furthermore, the cut-off values of the physical fitness factors according to the baPWV were also calculated. The study was derived with total of 1,562 males (1,116 middle-aged and 446 old-aged). They were tested participant's baPWV, waist circumference, cardiopulmonary fitness, grip strength and flexibility. The results of this study is that the baPWV of the middle-aged men did not show significant changes in relationship with the waist circumference and physical fitness factors. The old-aged group with normal abdominal fat and high physical fitness level (group 4) showed significant baPWV values in comparison to those with waist circumference and low physical fitness levels (group 1); cardiorespiratory fitness p=0.026, grip strength p=0.000, flexibility p=0.000. The cut-off values of the physical fitness such as cardiorespiratory fitness, grip strength, flexibility according to the baPWV were 31.2 mL/kg/min (area under curve [AUC], 0.692; p=0.027), 37.0 kg (AUC, 0.588; p=0.014), and 1.0 cm (AUC, 0.589; p=0.014), respectively. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness as well as muscular strength and flexibility effect inversely on arterial stiffness.

The Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Cut-off Values of Power and Flexibility in Elderly Males / 대한스포츠의학회지

The purpose of the study was to find out the age-adjusted odds ratio of the metabolic syndrome and the associated cut-off values of the physical fitnessfactors of the elderly males in their 60s and 70s. 477 participants were tested for the cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), power, flexibility as well as blood battery and abdominal circumference for the metabolic syndrome status. As a result, 32.2% of the participants had metabolic syndrome with the associated cut-off values of the power and flexibility as 29.0 cm (areas under curve [AUC]: 0.57, p=0.029) and 0.6 cm (AUC: 0.54, p=0.028), respectively. The cardiorespiratory fitness showed no significant difference prevalence rate between groups. The prevalence rate was calculated by dividing the participants into high and low groups. The metabolic syndrome prevalence rate for the low power group was 1.63 (p<0.030) and low flexibility group was 2.01 (p<0.002). The cardiovascular fitness showed no significant prevalence rate.

Interactive Effects of Forward, Backward Walking Exercise and Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise on Sexual Function and Functional Fitness in the Elderly Male Population

BACKGROUND: To assess the effect of forward, backward walking exercise and pelvic floor muscle exercise on sexual function and functional fitness in elderly males. METHODS: Twenty two elderly males participated in this study. They were divided into two groups. The Complex Exercise(CE) group(n=11) performed the forward, backward walking exercise(3 days/week, 12 weeks) and pelvic floor muscle exercises(PFME; 5 days/week, 12 weeks). The PFME group(n=11) only performed PFME(5 days/week, 12 weeks). Both groups performed the PFME in the same manner. Outcomes were evaluated by IIEF-5(5-item version of the interna- tional index of erectile function), 6min walk, and 30sec & 1min sit-to-stand before exercise training, and at week 4, week 8, and week 12. RESULTS: Total scores and erectile function scores had significant interaction effect(p<0.05) in group and period. 6min walk wassignificantly different(p<0.05) in exercise period and 30sec(p<0.001) & 1min sit-to-stand(p<0.01) had signi- ficant interaction effectin group and period. CONCLUSION: Three months of forward, backward walking and pelvic floor muscle exercises did not have significant positive effects on sexual function and functional fitness in elderly males.

Predicting Oxygen Uptake for Men with Moderate to Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 결핵및호흡기질환

BACKGROUND: Measurement of the maximum oxygen uptake in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been used to determine the intensity of exercise and to estimate the patient's response to treatment during pulmonary rehabilitation. However, cardiopulmonary exercise testing is not widely available in Korea. The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is a simple method of measuring the exercise capacity of a patient. It also provides high reliability data and it reflects the fluctuation in one's exercise capacity relatively well with using the standardized protocol. The prime objective of the present study is to develop a regression equation for estimating the peak oxygen uptake (VO2) for men with moderate to very severe COPD from the results of a 6MWT. METHODS: A total of 33 male patients with moderate to very severe COPD agreed to participate in this study. Pulmonary function testing, cardiopulmonary exercise testing and a 6MWT were performed on their first visits. The index of work (6Mwork, 6-minute walk distance [6MWD]xbody weight) was calculated for each patient. Those variables that were closely related to the peak VO2 were identified through correlation analysis. With including such variables, the equation to predict the peak VO2 was generated by the multiple linear regression method. RESULTS: The peak VO2 averaged 1,015+/-392 ml/min, and the mean 6MWD was 516+/-195 meters. The 6Mwork (r=.597) was better correlated to the peak VO2 than the 6MWD (r=.415). The other variables highly correlated with the peak VO2 were the FEV1 (r=.742), DLco (r=.734) and FVC (r=.679). The derived prediction equation was VO2 (ml/min)=(274.306xFEV1)+(36.242xDLco)+(0.007x6Mwork)-84.867. CONCLUSION: Under the circumstances when measurement of the peak VO2 is not possible, we consider the 6MWT to be a simple alternative to measuring the peak VO2. Of course, it is necessary to perform a trial on much larger scale to validate our prediction equation.

Antiaging and Exercise

Aging decreases independent daily activity and reduction in physical activity level by decreasing the functional level of the body. Additionally, a sedentary lifestyle has been confirmed as an important risk factor for chronic disease morbidity and mortality. Although many studies have been performed on the inhibition or prevention policy in aging, physical activity has proven the most effective way to improve loss of muscle strength or each organ hypo-function. The purpose of this article is to describe the aging process patterns including four categories: musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, mental condition, and brain function and the relationship of these changes to physical functions and exercise. There is encouraging evidence that moderate exercise or physical activity may provide positive effects in four categories: (1) improvement of strength, endurance, flexibility, and balance; (2) increasing the cardiovascular system; (3) alleviating depression and psychological problems; and (4) decreasing dementia and improvement of cognitive function in elderly people. Exercise or regular physical activity ultimately decreases mortality and leads to an increased life span. The implication for future policy in terms of research, study, and training programs are briefly discussed.

The Effects of Arm Ergometry Exercise in Acute Stroke Patients

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of arm ergometry exercise training on the cardiovascular system and sensorimotor function in the early stroke patients. METHOD: 19 stroke patients without cardiac disease were randomly assigned to exercise training group (9 patients) and control group (10 patients). The time interval between the onset of stroke and exercise training was 20 days. The training group subjects were trained three times a week for 30 minuts by arm ergometry and conventional rehabilitation during 4 weeks. Exercise intensity was prescribed at 30% to 60% of heart rate reserve. Control group were trained only conventional rehabilitation. Exercise test with arm ergometry was performed before and after 4 weeks training period. To evaluate sensorimotor function, Fugl-Meyer score of upper extremities was measured before and after 4 weeks training period. RESULTS: In training group, heart rate at rest decreased after 4 weeks training significantly. However, improvement of peak oxygen uptake was not significant. After 4 weeks, the difference of Fugl-Meyer score are correlate the difference of peak oxygen uptake. CONCLUSION: Early aerobic exercise training in stroke patients may improve resting heart rate and sensorimotor function.

Guidelines for Cardiac Rehabilitation

Changes in cardiac rehabilitation in the 1990s involved the development of different patterns of the delivery of rehabilitative care. Patients were offered with a choice of individual versus group and center-based versus home-based physical activity programs. The recent application of risk-stratification procedures for coronary patients has brought major changes in the delivery of cardiac rehabilitation exercise training. Patients considered at low risk are able to undertake less supervised rehabilitation in a safe manner. Contemporary cardiac rehabilitation programs provide several important core components, including baseline patient assessment, nutrition counseling, risk factor management, psychosocial management, and activity counseling. However, appropriately prescribed exercise therapy remains the cornerstone of these programs. Cardiac rehabilitation programs have been categorized as phase I (inpatient), phase II (up to 12 weeks of ECG monitoring), phase II (no ECG monitoring under clinical supervision), and phase IV(no ECG monitoring, professional supervision). Cardiac patients who have specific needs to consider when formulating the exercise prescription include those with a history of myocardial infarction and angina, congestive heart failure, mitral valve stenosis and cardiac transplantation. Finally, the goals of rehabilitative care should include improvement of the functional capacity to achieve functional independence with an emphasis on quality of life.

Childhood Obesity and Physical Activity / 대한소아내분비학회지

No abstract available.

Exercise and Senescence

No abstract available.

Changes of QT dispersion in relation to etiology of left ventricular hypertrophy

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) is known to increase the risk of sudden cardiac death, potentially in association with exercise. Increased QT disepersion(QTd) has been reported to pridict the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, it is unknown whether various etiologies of LVH alter QTd in the same manner during and after exercise. Method: 2-D echocardiography and symptom-limited treadmill exercise test were performed in 34 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCMP), 27 hypertensive hypertrophy(HTN), 20 athlete's heart(Athlete) and normal controls. QTd was measured at baseline(QTd0), at peak exercise(QTdp), after 1min (QTd1), and after 5 min(QTd5). And corrected QTd(QTcd)s were calculated. Result: Baseline QTd in HCMP group was greater than that of other groups. QTd at peak exercise of HCMP group was greater than that of other groups. There was insignificant serial change of QTd in each group. In all groups, QTcd increased at peak exercise and decreased after exercise. QTcds at baseline and at peak exercise in HCMP group were greater than those of other groups. Only in HCMP group, QTcd5 remained higher than QTcd0. CONCLUSION: Serial changes of QTcd at peak exercise and after exercise were different according to the etiology of LVH. The risk of sudden death related to exercise in patients with LVH would be different among patients with various LVH etiologies.

The Effects of Longterm Stretching Exercise on Health Related Fitness of the Elderly Women

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of regular stretching exercise for 1 year on health related fitness of the elderly women. We also determined whether the weekly stretching exercise sessions followed by intensive stretching exercise program was beneficial to maintain the altered health related fitness status. The thirty elderly women (F, 80.1+/-6.6 yr) were participated in this study. Subjects had no serious orthopedic problems. During the study period, they did not perform any regular physical activity beside the stretching exercise. The 1 year stretching exercise programs included 3 days/week stretching exercise session for the first 12 weeks followed by 1 day/week stretching exercise for rest of the study period. The subjects were tested 6 categories of health related fitness factors which included % body fat, flexibility, hand grips, back strength, balance, and agility. The summary of the results of this study were as followed: 1) There were significant increase in FFM and slightly decrease in %BF and WHR after the 3 days/wk stretching exercise program. However, there were significant decrease in FFM and WHR after the 1 day/wk stretching exercise program (p<.05). 2) There were significant increase in flexibility, hand grip strength (Rt.) and balance after the 3 days/wk stretching exercise (p<.05) while hand grip strength (Lt.) and back strength were slightly increase after the exercise. However, there were significant decrease in hand grip strength (both) and reaction time after 1 day/wk stretching exercise program while flexibility, back strength, and balance were slighly decrease after the program. In conclusion, this study showed that the 3 days/wk stretching exercise for 12 weeks result in significant increase of all health related fitness factors (p<.05). However, it showed that some of the HRF factors were decreased after the weekly stretching exercise unexpectedly.

Exercise Capacity and Kinetics of Recovery Oxygen Consumption after Exercise in Patients with Mitral Stenosis: Effects of Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty and Exercise Training

BACKGROUND: The kinetics of recovery oxygen consumption plays an important role in determining exercise capacity. This study was performed to evaluate the kinetics of recovery oxygen consumption and the effects of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) and exercise training on the recovery kinetics in mitral stenosis (MS). METHOD: Thirty patients with MS (valve area 1.0 cm2) and thirty age-and size-matched healthy volunteers were included for this study. All subjects performed symptom-limited, upright, graded bicycle exercise. Patients were randomized to either the exercise training group or the non-training group after successful PMV (valve area 1.5 cm2 and mitral regurgitation grade 2). The exercise group performed daily exercise training for 3 months. RESULTS: Half-recovery time of peak oxygen consumption (T1/2VO2) was significantly delayed in MS patients than in the volunteers (12,042 sec vs 595, p<0.01). Peak oxygen consumption (pVO2, ml/min/kg) was significantly increased in both the training (16.84.9 to 25.36.9) and the non-training group (16.35.1 to 19.66.0) 3 months after PMV. T1/2VO2 was significantly shortened in the training group (12,439 to 7,613, p<0.01), but not in the non-training group (11,446 to 10,944 sec, p-0.12) at 3 months follow-up. The degrees of symptomatic improvement after PMV were more closely correlated with the changes of T1/2VO2 than those of pVO2. CONCLUSION: Kinetics of recovery oxygen consumption was markedly delayed in MS patients, but the kinetics improved after exercise training but not after PMV alone. These results suggest that adjunctive exercise training may be useful for improvement of recovery kinetics and subjective symptoms after PMV.

Exercise Capacity in the Elderly: The Kinetics of Recovery Oxygen Consumption After Maximal Exercise

BACKGROUND: Limited exercise capacity is common in the elderly. Kinetics of recovery oxygen consumption plays an important role in determining exercise capacity. This study was performed to evaluate the kinetics of recovery oxygen consumption as well as peak oxygen consumption during exercise and recovery in the elderly. METHODS: Thirty healthy volunteers were included for this study. They were divided into three groups according to their ages(20 to 39; 40 to 59; and over 60). All subjects performed symptomlimited maximal treadmill exercise. RESULTS: Peak oxygen consumption(pVO2, ml/min/kg) was gradually decreased with the age. Half-recovery time of peak oxygen consumption(T1/2VO2) was maintained from third to sixth decades without significant changes, and then rapidly delayed in the elderly. CONCLUSION: Kinetics of recovery oxygen consumption was rapidly and markedly delayed in the elderly and this may result in the exercise intolerance.

The effects of acute exercise on plasma concentration of follicular stimulating hormoen(FSH), estradiol, progesterone in women / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

In vitro NMR spectroscopy of high-energy phosphorus metabolism in the forearm muscle comparison between elite athletes and sedentari- es

No abstract available.

Clinical Reseach for Sport Injures of Korean Disabled Athletes in Seoul Paralympics / 대한정형외과학회잡지

We Studied the sport injuries of 135 Korean dissbled athletes who were going to Seoul Paralympics from 15th September 1988 to 30th September 1988. The results were as follows.1. The mean age was 23.3years, male and female ratio was 7 to l. 2. The type of disability were as follows ; Poliomyelitis, Cerebral Palsy and Blindness and transition rate of below 5 years of age was 71.6%. 3. The most common age of begining exercise of the disabled athletes were 16-20 years and composed of 77.4%. 4. The most common cause and process of athletic injuries were heavy training and excessive exercise. 5. The most common athletic injury was soft tissue injury and the most common site was hand and the most common type of injury was blindness and the most common causative sport was baseball and fencing. 6. The protects were used in 41% of athletes and they were globes and glassed as follows. 7. Over 77% of the disabled athletes were answered as “Necessary” to the question about scientification of disabled sport.

A case of systemic paragonimiasis with ovarian involvement

The authors reported a case of ectopic paragonimiasis in a 40 year old Korean housewife who came to the hospital because of abdominal mass and pain. She was proved to have multiple parasitic granulomas involving lung, uterus, uterine tube and subcutaneous tissue. The ovary was also the site of parasitism. The past history revealed an episode of ingestion of fresh water crabs soaked in soybean sauce which were obtained in a market of Seoul City 2 years prior to the present illness. The patient was treated for tuberculosis for a year without confirmation of etiologic agent. After surgical removal of all abdominal and most of pelvic granulomas, the patient was treated with praziquantel 25 mg/kg t.i.d. for 3 days, and was judged to be cured after 4 months.