Toxicology and histopathology of some rodenticides and palatable food items combinations on the common mice Mus musculus var. albus in Egypt.

In this study the palatability tests of certain food items as attractants in the poisoned-baits for the albino mouse Mus musculus var. albus showed that the food items of treacle, maize oil, dry or wet sugar and milk powder act as more attractive pleasant materials that encourage the mice to consume more of those baits containing such items. The most palatable combination of tested food items to the mouse Mus musculus was that consisting of crushed maize + treacle + maize oil + milk powder. The least amount of food consumed by the mice was that of rice and or rice + treacle + oil + milk powder. The use of wheat grain alone was much better than crushed maize alone or and combined with wet or dry sugar. The tested anticoagulant rodenticides were greatly effective against the albino mouse Mus musculus var. albus, since they could cause a final mortality of hundred percent in a mean time ranging merely between 7 & 9 days. Chlorophacinone was more potent and effective than coumachlor; at its lowered concentrations of 25 and 44.5 ppm was more acceptable than coumachlor. The consumed amounts of zinc phosphide baits were comparatively utmost lower than those of anticoagulants poisoned baits. Feeding the pregnant females on prepared baits consisting of crushed maize, treacle, milk powder, maize oil and lower concentration of each of coumachlor, chlorophacinone and zink phosphide, to a more or less extent, reduced females weight according to the tested lower concentration, versus the weight of pregnant females in control treatment which was increased by 14.4%. In comparison to both the tested anticoagulant rodenticides, the measured reduction of females weight caused by zinc phosphide (6 ppm) was, to a more extent, higher as the mean weight gradually decreased from 27.4 up to 16.3 g. Chlorophacinone at its minimized concentrations was least effective in reducing the number and mean weight of developing fetuses. However, coumachlor at its tested concentration of 2 ppm caused abortion after the first and the second weeks of pregnancy reached to 100%. Zinc phosphide at both tested concentrations of 0.6 and 6 ppm was ineffective on the abortion and resorption of fetuses; the fed females on baits containing 0.6 and/or 6.0 ppm zinc phosphide ate their youngsters at the 2nd and 4th day after birth, respectively. The histopathological changes of liver, kidney, lung and intestine due to feeding of the Mouse Mus musculus var. albus on the poisoned baits of tested different rodenticides were recorded and photographed.

Repeated transurethral resection of recurrent superficial bladder tumors--does it affect the spread and stage of the tumor?

OBJECTIVES: This prospective study was done to demonstrate the effect of repeated resection of superficial bladder tumors (TURT) on deep malignant cell infiltration in bladder wall. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients underwent radical cystectomy for invasive bladder cancer, 16 patients originally had superficial cancer that became invasive after repeated TURT (group I) and the other 20 patients (group II) presented with invasive bladder cancer from the start. Each cystectomy specimen was subjected to a thorough histopathological study. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in pattern of local spread of malignant cells between the two groups. Isolated clusters of malignant cells in-between normal bladder muscle fibers, isolated subserosal malignant deposits as well as cells reaching the adjacent cervix uteri were found only in group I. Intravesical pressure was measured in another 10 patients during TURT and was found to be high reaching up to 80 cm H2O. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that some malignant cells penetrate through the denuded urothelium during TURT by the effect of high intravesical pressure. This may be responsible, among other factors, for tumor recurrence with deeper stages.

Ultrastructure study of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis before and after Dapsone intake.

Leishmania strain was isolated from a human case of cutaneous leishmaniasis and inoculated into experimental animals. Group of infected animals were given Dapsone, at a dose of 25 mg/kg for 3 weeks. Results showed that infected animals suffered from autoamputation of the inoculated foot pad. On the other hand, those receiving Dapsone showed complete clinical cure. Transmission Electron Microscope of both groups revealed the fine structure of Leishmania amastigotes. Those given Dapsone showed considerable reversible changes which didn't affect parasitic virulence. This latter has been demonstrated by their ability to infect experimental animals. leading to pathological lesion. It should be pointed out that patients treated with this drug and showed marked clinical response must be very carefully examined for fear of residual parasites which may be the cause of relapse later on.