ABSTRACT
Early experience of abuse may be viewed as a risk factor for mental disorders in women later in life. This case-control study in Isfahan screened 709 women aged 20-45 years using the Beck Depression Inventory and structured clinical interviews for Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV criteria. Lifetime history of abuse was determined using a standard questionnaire. Among the women 35.1% had experienced fear of or actual abuse (physical, sexual or both) in childhood or adolescence. The risk of having major depression in adult life was significantly higher in women who experienced abuse in childhood and adolescence (OR 4.3), severe degrees of abuse (OR 3.9) or multiple forms of abuse (OR 3.8).
Subject(s)
Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/psychology , Child Abuse/psychology , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Women/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Adult Survivors of Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Child , Child Abuse/diagnosis , Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/etiology , Female , Humans , Iran/epidemiology , Logistic Models , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Prevalence , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires , Women/educationABSTRACT
To evaluate discriminant validity, reliability, internal consistency, and dimensional structure of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) in a heterogeneous Iranian population. A clustered randomized sample of 2,956 healthy with 2,936 unhealthy rural and urban inhabitants aged 30 and above from two dissimilar Iranian provinces during 2006 completed the Persian version of the WHOQOL-BREF. We performed descriptive and analytical analysis including t-student, correlation matrix, Cronbach's Alpha, and factor analysis with principal components method and Varimax rotation with SPSS.15. The mean age of the participants was 42.2 +/- 12.1 years and the mean years of education was 9.3 +/- 3.8. The Iranian version of the WHOQOL-BREF domain scores demonstrated good internal consistency, criterion validity, and discriminant validity. The physical health domain contributed most in overall quality of life, while the environment domain made the least contribution. Factor analysis provided evidence for construct validity for four-factor model of the instrument. The scores of all domains discriminated between healthy persons and the patients. The WHOQOL-BREF has adequate psychometric properties and is, therefore, an adequate measure for assessing quality of life at the domain level in an adult Iranian population.
Subject(s)
Mental Health , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Quality of Life/psychology , Adult , Educational Status , Female , Health Status , Humans , Iran , Male , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Early experience of abuse may be viewed as a risk factor for mental disorders in women later in life. This case-control study in Isfahan screened 709 women aged 20-45 years using the Beck Depression Inventory and structured clinical interviews for Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV criteria. Lifetime history of abuse was determined using a standard questionnaire. Among the women 35.1% had experienced fear of or actual abuse [physical, sexual or both] in childhood or adolescence. The risk of having major depression in adult life was significantly higher in women who experienced abuse in childhood and adolescence [OR 4.3], severe degrees of abuse [OR 3.9] or multiple forms of abuse [OR 3.8]
Subject(s)
Battered Women , Risk Factors , Mental Disorders , Depressive DisorderABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to estimate the predictors of working ability in depressed patients. Two hundred and twenty-six patients with depression consecutively admitted on outpatient basis from March 2003 to May 2006 were classified into working and non working groups. Severity of depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory and their occupational adjustment 2 months prior to the last episode was determined by Occupational Adjustment Scale, a subscale of Social Adjustment Scale. The groups were almost similar in terms of age, sex, education, and marital status. There were significant differences between them in terms of family history of depression, episodes of depression, history of suicide attempts, duration of illness and severity of depression (P < 0.01). The working depressed group differed significantly from the impaired depressed group in terms of work experience, job turnover, and overall occupational adjustment (P < 0.01). History of suicide attempt, family history of depression, time lost, severity of depression, pre-morbid occupational adjustment, age, and illness duration emerged as the most important predictors, explaining 64% of the patients' working ability. Our observations are on line with robust literature across the globe. Nature of illness condition as well as societal attitude can explain the impairment condition in depressed patients. Presence of a comprehensive integrated approach to their treatment and rehabilitation is imperative.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder, Major/psychology , Unemployment/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Depressive Disorder, Major/diagnosis , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Disability Evaluation , Employee Performance Appraisal , Female , Humans , Iran/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Persons with Mental Disabilities/psychology , Persons with Mental Disabilities/statistics & numerical data , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Social Adjustment , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
This report describes the steps in the development of an accreditation system for medical universities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The national accreditation project, supported by the government, was performed from 2001 to 2005. The project was carried out in 3 main phases, each phase including a number of tasks. After a review of the international literature on accreditation and through national consensus, a set of national institutional accreditation standards was developed, including 95 standards and 504 indicators in 10 areas. By complying with accepted national standards, Iranian medical universities will play an important role in promoting health system performance.
Subject(s)
Accreditation/organization & administration , Guidelines as Topic , Schools, Medical , Universities , Consensus , Curriculum/standards , Faculty, Medical/organization & administration , Guideline Adherence , Humans , Iran , Organizational Objectives , Professional Staff Committees/organization & administration , Program Development , Program Evaluation , Public Sector/organization & administration , Quality Control , Schools, Medical/organization & administration , Universities/organization & administrationABSTRACT
This report describes the steps in the development of an accreditation system for medical universities in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The national accreditation project, supported by the government, was performed from 2001 to 2005. The project was carried out in 3 main phases, each phase including a number of tasks. After a review of the international literature on accreditation and through national consensus, a set of national institutional accreditation standards was developed, including 95 standards and 504 indicators in 10 areas. By complying with accepted national standards, Iranian medical universities will play an important role in promoting health system performance
Subject(s)
Schools, Medical , Universities , Consensus , AccreditationABSTRACT
We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study on 500 women in Isfahan who started taking combined oral contraceptives (COCs) during the period 21 March 1995-20 March 1997. The cumulative continuation rate fell from 77% to 12% over 60 months. The most common reason for discontinuation was side-effects. There was a significant correlation between side-effects and cumulative COC continuation rate (P < 0.05). The lowest rate was seen in women reporting nausea or vomiting. Women who are interested in COCs should receive extensive counselling about the possible side-effects and should be helped to find a method of birth control suited to their temperament and physiology.
Subject(s)
Contraception Behavior , Contraceptives, Oral, Combined/adverse effects , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Adolescent , Adult , Contraception Behavior/psychology , Contraception Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Counseling , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , Employment/statistics & numerical data , Female , Health Care Surveys , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , Iran , Mood Disorders/chemically induced , Motivation , Nausea/chemically induced , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Patient Education as Topic , Patient Selection , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Uterine Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Vomiting/chemically inducedABSTRACT
By means of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, we examined job burnout among randomly selected nurses working on psychiatric (55 nurses) and medical units (51 nurses) at 2 university hospitals in Isfahan during 2003. Psychiatric nurses experienced a greater degree of emotional exhaustion than the medical nurses (P < 0.05). Significant positive correlation was noted between age, years of experience and frequency of on-calls and emotional exhaustion for the psychiatric nurses. Frequency of on-calls was also significantly associated with a sense of non-accomplishment. Longer duration of service was accompanied by higher degree of emotional depersonalization for the medical nurses.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Internal Medicine , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Psychiatric Nursing , Adaptation, Psychological , Adult , Age Distribution , Analysis of Variance , Burnout, Professional/diagnosis , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Internal Medicine/education , Internal Medicine/organization & administration , Iran/epidemiology , Job Satisfaction , Male , Nursing Staff, Hospital/education , Nursing Staff, Hospital/organization & administration , Occupational Health , Personnel Staffing and Scheduling , Psychiatric Nursing/education , Psychiatric Nursing/organization & administration , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , WorkloadABSTRACT
By means of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, we examined job burnout among randomly selected nurses working on psychiatric [55 nurses] and medical units [51 nurses] at 2 universities in Isfahan during 2003. Psychiatric nurses experienced a greater degree of emotional exhaustion hospitals than the medical nurses [P < 0.05]. Significant positive correlation was noted between age, years of experience and frequency of on- calls and emotional exhaustion for the psychiatric nurses. Frequency of on- calls was also significantly associated with a sense of non- accomplishment. Longer duration of service was accompanied by higher degree of emotional depersonalization for the medical nurses
Subject(s)
Job Satisfaction , Nurses , Psychiatric Nursing , Burnout, ProfessionalABSTRACT
We carried out a retrospective cross-sectional study on 500 women in Isfahan who started taking combined oral contraceptives [COCs] during the period 21 March 1995-20 March 1997. The cumulative continuation rate fell from 77% to 12% over 60 months. The most common reason for discontinuation was side-effects. There was a significant correlation between side-effects and cumulative COC continuation rate [P < 0.05]. The lowest rate was seen in women reporting nausea or vomiting. Women who are interested in COCs should receive extensive counselling about the possible side-effects and should be helped to find a method of birth control suited to their temperament and physiology
