Quantitative Evaluation of Masticatory Performance with Two-Color Mixing Ability Test: Development of a New Digital Method.

PURPOSE: To develop a new digital method for color-mixing analysis and to evaluate the validity of this method for quantifying masticatory performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens of red-green (RG) chewing gum were prepared as a bicolor test food. A total of 300 specimens were masticated by 20 healthy volunteers for different numbers of mastication cycles (from 1 to 25). The boluses were flattened and scanned, and the digital images were analyzed using ImageJ software. Two parameters (spatial and value) of color mixing were measured, and multiple regression analysis was performed to estimate the number of mastication cycles. The estimated number of mastication cycles that the healthy reference cohort needed to achieve a certain degree of color mixing was proposed as the mastication index (MI). The validity of this method was assessed using Pearson correlation between the MI and concurrent measurements with ViewGum software (variance of hue) within a group of 10 healthy subjects and 10 complete denture wearers. RESULTS: Independent samples t test showed a significant difference in MI between healthy subjects and denture wearers (P < .001). A significant correlation was observed between the MI and ViewGum outcomes (r = -0.95, P < .001). CONCLUSION: The new proposed method proved to be valid and has the potential for evaluating masticatory performance in both research and clinical settings.

Assessment of masticatory performance by geometric measurement of the mixing ability with 2-color chewing gum.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The 2-color mixing ability test has been recently introduced for objective assessment of masticatory performance. However, the ideal bicolor specimens have not yet been identified, and the color analysis of digital images requires improvement. PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to formulate a custom-made, 2-color chewing gum for the mixing ability test and to develop an image-processing method for color mixing analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Specimens of red-green (RG) chewing gum were prepared as a test food. Twenty dentate participants (10 men, 10 women; mean age 21 years) took part in this study. Each participant masticated 1 piece of RG gum for 3, 6, 9, 15, and 25 cycles, and this task was repeated 3 times consecutively (total n=15 for each participant). The boluses were retrieved and flattened to 1-mm-thick wafers and scanned with a flatbed scanner. The digital images were analyzed using ImageJ software equipped with a custom-built plug-in to measure the geometric dispersion (GD) of baseline red segment. The predictive criterion validity of this method was determined by correlating GD to the number of mastication cycles. The hardness and mass of RG chewing gum were measured before and after mastication. Hardness loss (%) and mass loss (%) were then calculated and compared with those of a commercially available chewing gum. RESULTS: The 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test showed that GD was able to discriminate among the groups of different numbers of mastication cycles (P<.001). Pearson correlation coefficient confirmed the significant correlation between GD and the number of mastication cycles (r=0.90, P<.001). The hardness loss and mass loss of RG chewing gum were significantly lower than those of commercial chewing gum (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The newly formulated chewing gum provides an appropriate test food material for masticatory performance assessment. The new image-processing method discriminated among the different levels of color mixture and quantified the mixing ability.