ABSTRACT
As a mainstream technology for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries, direct regeneration is rapidly developed due to its high efficiency and green characteristics. However, efficient reuse of spent LiNixCoyMn1- x - yO2 cathode is still a significant challenge, as the rock salt/spinel phase on the surface hinders the Li replenishment and phase transformation to the layered structure. In this work, the fundamental understanding of the repair mechanism is confirmed that the oxidizing atmosphere is the crucial factor that can greatly improve the rate and degree of phase restoration. Particularly, a ternary-component molten salt system (LiOH-Li2CO3-LiNO3) is proposed for direct regeneration of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523), which can in situ generate the strong oxidizing intermediate of superoxide radicals. Additionally, it shows a liquid-like reaction environment at a lower temperature to acceclerate the transport rate of superoxide-ions. Therefore, the synergistic effect of LiOH-Li2CO3-LiNO3 system can strengthen the full restoration of rock salt/spinel phases and achieve the complete Li-supplement. As anticipated, the regenerated NCM523 delivers a high cycling stability with a retention of 91.7% after 100 cycles, which is even competitive with the commercial NCM523. This strategy provides a facile approach for the complete recovery of layer structure cathode, demonstrating a unique perspective for the direct regeneration of spent lithium-ion batteries.
ABSTRACT
Background: Anemia is one of the risk factors for tuberculosis (TB), and more than 90% of TB patients suffer from anemia. The majority tuberculosis patients who had poor prognosis experienced anemia during the course of treatment. The objective of our study is to analyse the influences of anemia on the prognosis of tuberculosis patients in terms of pulmonary M. tuberculosis loads, lung pathology, and clinical factors. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 155 TB patients in Shanghai were divided into the anemia-tuberculosis (A-TB) group and non-anemia-tuberculosis (NA-TB) group. We analysed bacteria counts in sputum smear and sputum smear conversion time between two groups. We evaluated the pulmonary pathology of cavity and effusion in A-TB patients. Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the potential correlations of anemia with sputum bacterial load and pulmonary pathology. We compared clinical factors including the immune factors and inflammatory cells. Results: Compared with the NA-TB (n=89) group, the A-TB group (n=66) had poorer improvement of lung injury in terms of cavity closure (4.7±3.59 vs. 10.56±7.42; P=0.036) and fluid improvement [4 (30.77%) vs. 12 (92.31%); P=0.001] during conventional treatment. At the start of treatment, the immune factors complement 4 (C4) [0.25 (0.19, 0.295) vs. 0.3086±0.076; P=0.006] and C-reactive protein (CRP) [3.2 (3.2, 21.5) vs. 19.5 (6.25, 78.35); P=0.016] were significantly higher in A-TB with NA-TB. During the course of treatment, the gradual decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes (LYM#) (P=0.0012, r=-0.3400) and the gradual increase in the absolute number of monocytes (MONO#) (P=0.0050, r=0.2968), the absolute number of basophils (BASO#) (P=0.0213, r=0.2451), the red blood cell distribution width-coefficient (RDW-CV) (P=0.0136, r=0.2651), suggesting poor prognosis in anemic TB patients. Conclusions: Anemia is a risk factor for lung injury in TB patients. Inflammatory factors and inflammatory cells are increased during treatment in A-TB patients.
ABSTRACT
Three metal complexes [Cu(I)6(atdm)6] (1), [Cu(I)(Hatd)(H2atd)] (2) and [H3O][Co(II)4Co(III)2Cl3(atd)6]·H2O (3) [atdm = 4-dimethylamino-6-anilino-1,3,5-triazine-2-thiolate, H2atd = 6-anilino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol, atdH2 = 6-anilino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dithione] have been solvothermally synthesized. The luminescent complexes 1 and 2 provide remarkable structural diversity depending on different reaction solutions. Complex 1 consists of a discrete pseudohexagonal prismatic [Cu6S6] core that can be described as two stacked, chair-shaped [Cu3S3] rings bound together by the C-N bridges of the atdm ligands, in which the atdm ligand was generated via in situ amination of H2atd in the presence of DMF solution. Whereas complex 2 is a 2D (4,4) net based on single node Cu(I) ions crystallized in acetonitrile, in which H2atd ligands exist in the thione form atdH2 and the partially deprotonated form atdH. Complex 3 has a two-fold interpenetrated (10,3)-a topological network based on unprecedented cobalt-centered trigonal-bipyramidal [Co6(atd)6] building blocks, linked by Cl(-) double-bridges and showing oriented effects of aniline side groups. IR spectra, elemental analyses and XRD analyses confirmed the phase-purities of the as-synthesized complexes. The photoluminescence properties of 1 and 2 in the solid state and the magnetic properties of 3 are investigated. A discussion of the crystal structures, as well as the coordination properties of the multifunctional sulfur-containing ligands upon different geometries of the central units, is also provided.
