ABSTRACT
(1) Background: While medication and various forms of psychotherapy are common treatments for severe mental illness, peer support programs have also proven to be effective in managing mental disorders. These programs, which involve individuals with similar experiences in navigating mental health challenges, aim to improve coping skills and foster supportive community networks. However, despite the prevalent mention of peer support programs, especially those with supervision, there has been no systematic review or meta-analysis of peer support supervision. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze the forms and effectiveness of peer support programs for individuals with severe mental illnesses. (2) Methods: A literature search focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between February 2003 and January 2024 was conducted. (3) Results: Sixteen RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria and involving a total of 4008 participants were reviewed. These studies utilized various peer support program strategies, with eight studies included in the qualitative analysis. The combined effect sizes for depressive symptoms (d = 0.12; 95% CI, -0.14, 0.37; p = 0.37), empowerment (d = 1.17; 95% CI, -0.81, 3.15; p = 0.25), quality of life (d = 0.70; 95% CI, -0.12, 1.52; p = 0.09), psychiatric symptoms (d = -0.05; 95% CI, -0.20, 0.10; p = 0.54), and self-efficacy (d = 0.20; 95% CI, 0.05, 0.36; p = 0.01) were assessed. (4) Conclusions: Our analysis emphasizes the need for further studies on peer support programs for individuals with severe mental illness, particularly those focused on self-efficacy outcomes across diverse geographic locations involving more countries and with larger scales to bolster the strength of the evidence.
ABSTRACT
(1) Background: Women in their middle years undergoing perimenopause encounter a range of physical and psychological alterations attributed to hormonal changes. The prominent symptoms among menopausal women are depressive symptoms and sleep-related problems. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis examining the effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on women going through menopause, specifically focusing on depressive symptoms and sleep problems. We analyzed studies conducted both within the country and across international settings over the last decade. (2) Methods: A search of the literature was conducted-a targeted search, exclusively considering randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were published within the timeframe spanning from 15 June 2013 to 15 June 2023. (3) Findings: Upon reviewing nine studies that satisfied our inclusion criteria and involved a total of 923 participants, it was noted that four of these studies incorporated diverse cognitive-behavioral strategies. Among the nine studies, a total of four were included in the meta-analysis: two measured depressive symptoms, and two measured sleep quality. The combined effect size for depressive symptoms was found to be 3.55 (95% confidence interval: -5.48, -1.61; p < 0.05), and for sleep quality, it was 0.78 (95% confidence interval: -1.32, -0.25; p = 0.004). (4) Conclusions: Our review emphasizes the necessity for conducting larger-scale studies focused on the application of CBT for women experiencing menopausal symptoms. Additionally, it is recommended to approach the interpretation of these results with caution due to discrepancies in methodology and the overall quality of the studies. Further clinical trials are necessary to establish the ideal number of CBT sessions needed for the effective treatment of depression in menopausal women. Future studies should cover a wider range of geographical locations, including more countries, and focus on various outcomes such as depressive symptoms and sleep quality.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Spirituality in the workplace has a positive impact on organizations. It strengthens employees' well-being and their quality of life. It also gives work a sense of purpose and meaning and creates a sense of interconnectedness. METHODS: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey which intends to determine how job satisfaction is impacted by spiritual management, work engagement, and organizational commitment from the perspective of clinical nurses. Responses to self-administered questionnaires were collected from 230 hospital nurses in South Korea from July to August, 2022. RESULTS: Job satisfaction was positively correlated with perceived spiritual management (r = .662), job commitment (r = .514), and organizational commitment (r = .587). Perceived spiritual management had the highest correlation with job satisfaction, followed by organizational commitment and job commitment. To determine the effect of these factors on clinical nurses' job satisfaction, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis-in other words, a method that controls the entry order of a series of independent variables-was conducted. Model 4 ultimately explained 58.4% of job satisfaction (R2 = 0.584; F = 44.563; p < .001), with an additional 2.5 explained variance. Among the control variables in Model 4, only marital status (ß = 0.173) was positively significant; perceived spiritual management (ß = 0.388), work engagement (ß = 0.208) and organizational commitment (ß = 0.225) were all found to have significant positive effects on job satisfaction. The mediation analysis showed that perceived spiritual management had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between work engagement, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results of this study confirm that job satisfaction for nurses requires not only individual predispositions, but also active changes in management strategies, such as spirituality management at the hospital's organizational level.
ABSTRACT
(1) Background: Digital addiction has been a global concern, with college students becoming increasingly vulnerable to it. The detrimental psycho-physiological effects of digital addiction have raised concerns regarding college students' health. This descriptive correlational study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of digital addiction and identify influencing factors among college students, such as body shape satisfaction, time management, and psychological health. (2) Methods: Data were collected from 199 students at a university in Seoul, South Korea, from 30 May to 13 June 2023. The Digital Addiction Scale (DAS), Time Structure Questionnaire (TSQ), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were used for the assessment. Data (N = 199) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. (3) Results: The mean score for digital addiction was 54 ± 12, with scores ranging from 23.0 to 89.0. Digital addiction had a significant positive correlation with body shape satisfaction (r = 0.156, p = 0.028) and a negative correlation with time management (r = -0.500, p < 0.001). In the stepwise multiple regression model of digital addiction (adjusted R2 = 0.285, p < 0.001), subfactors of body shape satisfaction (fear of fatness ß = -0.280, body dissatisfaction ß = 0.401) and time management (effective organization ß = -0.211, persistence ß = -0.209, past orientation ß = -0.165) were statistically significant. (4) Conclusions: Body shape satisfaction and time management are important factors influencing digital addiction among college students. However, it does not establish a direct causal relationship. The findings indicate that there is a statistical association or connection between these factors, but they do not definitively state that body shape satisfaction or time management directly cause digital addiction. To decrease digital addiction in this population, interventions should aim to improve body shape satisfaction and time management.
