Anomalous Network Traffic Detection Method Based on an Elevated Harris Hawks Optimization Method and Gated Recurrent Unit Classifier.

In recent years, network traffic contains a lot of feature information. If there are too many redundant features, the computational cost of the algorithm will be greatly increased. This paper proposes an anomalous network traffic detection method based on Elevated Harris Hawks optimization. This method is easier to identify redundant features in anomalous network traffic, reduces computational overhead, and improves the performance of anomalous traffic detection methods. By enhancing the random jump distance function, escape energy function, and designing a unique fitness function, there is a unique anomalous traffic detection method built using the algorithm and the neural network for anomalous traffic detection. This method is tested on three public network traffic datasets, namely the UNSW-NB15, NSL-KDD, and CICIDS2018. The experimental results show that the proposed method does not only significantly reduce the number of features in the dataset and computational overhead, but also gives better indicators for every test.

The "Dialogue" Between Central and Peripheral Immunity After Ischemic Stroke: Focus on Spleen.

The immune response generated by the body after the incidence of ischemic stroke, runs through the comprehensive process of aftermath. During this process of ischemic stroke, the central neuroinflammation and peripheral immune response seriously affect the prognosis of patients, which has been the focus of research in recent years. As this research scenario progressed, the "dialogue" between central nervous inflammation and peripheral immune response after ischemic stroke has become more closely related. It's worth noting that the spleen, as an important peripheral immune organ, plays a pivotal role in this dialogue. Multiple mechanisms have previously been reported for brain-spleen crosstalk after ischemic stroke. Further, neuroinflammation in the brain can affect the peripheral immune state by activating/inhibiting spleen function. However, the activation of the peripheral immune inflammatory response can work reversibly in the spleen. It further affects intracerebral neuroinflammation through the injured blood-brain barrier. Therefore, paying close attention to the role of spleen as the pivot between central and peripheral immunity in ischemic stroke may help to provide a new target for immune intervention in the treatment of ischemic stroke. In the present review, we reviewed the important role of spleen in central neuroinflammation and peripheral immune response after ischemic stroke. We summarized the relevant studies and reports on spleen as the target of immune intervention which can provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke.

Influence of Li2Sb Additions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al-20Mg2Si Alloy.

It is found that Li2Sb compound can act as the nucleus of primary Mg2Si during solidification, by which the particle size of primary Mg2Si decreased from ~300 to ~15-25 µm. Owing to the synergistic effect of the Li2Sb nucleus and adsorption-poisoning of Li atoms, the effect of complex modification of Li-Sb on primary Mg2Si was better than that of single modification of Li or Sb. When Li-Sb content increased from 0 to 0.2 and further to 0.5 wt.%, coarse dendrite changed to defective truncated octahedron and finally to perfect truncated octahedral shape. With the addition of Li and Sb, ultimate compression strength (UCS) of Al-20Mg2Si alloys increased from ~283 to ~341 MPa and the yield strength (YS) at 0.2% offset increased from ~112 to ~179 MPa while almost no change was seen in the uniform elongation. Our study offers a simple method to control the morphology and size of primary Mg2Si, which will inspire developing new Al-Mg-Si alloys with improved mechanical properties.

Effect of Pre-Oxidation Treatment of Nano-SiC Particulates on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SiC/Mg-8Al-1Sn Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy Combined with Hot Extrusion.

Nano-SiC particulates (n-SiCp) reinforced Mg-8Al-1Sn (AT81) composites with different pre-oxidation parameters were fabricated by powder metallurgy (P/M) process combined with hot extrusion. The effects of pre-oxidization treatment of n-SiCp on the microstructure and tensile properties of 0.5 vol % n-SiCp/AT81 composites were investigated accordingly. The distribution of n-SiCp with different pre-oxidation parameters was homogeneous in the composites. Moreover, it was found that a thin MgAl2O4 layer formed at the interface when the n-SiCp were pre-oxidized at 1073 K for 2 h, while the MgAl2O4 layer became much thicker with pre-oxidization temperature increasing to 1273 K for 2 h. After an appropriate pre-oxidization treatment of n-SiCp at 1073 K for 2 h, the as-extruded 0.5 vol % n-SiCp/AT81 composites exhibited an enhanced strength. It was found that the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased from 168 MPa and 311 MPa to 255 MPa and 393 MPa compared with the as-extruded AT81 alloy, reflecting 51.8% and 26.4% increments, respectively. The improvement of mechanical properties should be mainly attributed to the grain refinement and homogeneous distribution of n-SiCp in the composites. Moreover, a well-bonded interface and the formation of an appropriate amount of interfacial product (MgAl2O4) benefited the material's mechanical properties.

Analog photonic link based on the Aulter-Townes splitting induced dual-band filter for OCS and the SOI signal processor.

Analog photonic link (APL) is attractive for its potential high performance of larger dynamic range, tunability, and immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). An APL based on the Aulter-Townes splitting (ATS)-effect-induced dual-band filter for optical carrier suppression (OCS) and the SOI signal processor has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The bandwidths of the two passbands are approximately 780 MHz, and the interval could be tuned from 8 GHz to more than 80 GHz in simulation. The extinction ratio is larger than 20 dB, which can provide a 20-dB suppression of the optical carrier and higher order sidebands to obtain clean optical carrier and local oscillator (LO) for modulation and down-conversion. The down-conversion APL based on the proposed dual-band OCS filter at X-band has been presented, and the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of the link is measured to be as high as 102.2 dB-Hz(2/3).

A functional TNFAIP2 3'-UTR rs8126 genetic polymorphism contributes to risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Accumulated evidences demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mRNA 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) may impact microRNAs (miRNAs)-mediated expression regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. There is a TNFAIP2 3'-UTR rs8126 T>C genetic variant which has been proved to be associated with head and neck cancer susceptibility. This SNP could disturb binding of miR-184 with TNFAIP2 mRNA and influence TNFAIP2 regulation. However, it is still unclear how this polymorphism is involved in development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, we hypothesized that the functional TNFAIP2 rs8126 SNP may affect TNFAIP2 expression and, thus, ESCC risk. METHODS: We investigated the association between the TNFAIP2 rs8126 variant and ESCC risk as well as the functional relevance on TNFAIP2 expression in vivo. Genotypes were determined in a case-control set consisted of 588 ESCC patients and 600 controls. The allele-specific regulation on TNFAIP2 expression by the rs8126 SNP was examined in normal and cancerous tissue specimens of esophagus. RESULTS: We found that individuals carrying the rs8126 CC or CT genotype had an OR of 1.89 (95%CI  = 1.23-2.85, P = 0.003) or 1.38 (95%CI  = 1.05-1.73, P = 0.017) for developing ESCC in Chinese compared with individual carrying the TT genotype. Carriers of the rs8126 CC and CT genotypes had significantly lower TNFAIP2 mRNA levels than those with the TT genotypes in normal esophagus tissues (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that functional TNFAIP2 rs8126 genetic variant is a ESCC susceptibility SNP. These results support the hypothesis that genetic variants interrupting miRNA-mediated gene regulation might be important genetic modifiers of cancer risk.

Functional IL-23R rs10889677 genetic polymorphism and risk of multiple solid tumors: a meta-analysis.

Interleukin-23 receptor (IL23R) can interact with IL-23 and, thus, is involved in the T-helper 17 (Th17) cell-mediated inflammatory process as well as tumorigenesis. Recently, a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10889677 has been identified in the 3'-untranslated region of IL-23R. It has been showed that the rs10889677AC SNP could increase the binding affinity of microRNA let-7f and downregulate IL-23R expression. Several case-control studies have examined the association between this SNP and genetic susceptibility of multiple solid tumors. However, the conclusions are conflicting. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to systematically study the role of this functional IL-23R SNP in development of multiple solid tumors. There are a total of 5 studies are eligible (6731 cases and 7296 healthy controls). Either fixed-effect model or random-effect model was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Significant association between this functional rs10889677 genetic variant and risk of multiple solid tumors were observed (CC genotype vs. AA genotype: OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.53-0.66, P < 0.001). These findings demonstrated that the IL-23R rs10889677 genetic variant might play an important part during malignant transformation of multiple solid tumors.

Compact Q-value enhanced bandpass filter based on the EIT-like effect accompanying application in downconversion APL.

A compact quality factor (Q)-enhanced bandpass filter based on the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect between two-ring resonators was proposed and experimental demonstrated. The enhancement in Q can be 2-3 orders of magnitude compared to the single ring bandpass filter, and a 27 times enhanced bandpass filter with a bandwidth of approximately 4.8 GHz was successfully realized. A downconversion analog photonic link (APL) based on the proposed filter has been presented and the spurious free dynamic range of the link was as high as 103.9 dB-Hz(2/3).

Silicon-on-insulator narrow-passband filter based on cascaded MZIs incorporating enhanced FSR for downconverting analog photonic links.

A silicon-on-insulator (SOI) narrow-passband filter based on cascaded Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) is theoretically simulated and experimentally demonstrated, indicating that the free spectral range (FSR) of the proposed filter can be significantly enlarged by increasing the number of the MZI stages. A filter using three-stage cascaded MZIs structure is successfully realized in the experiment and a 3-dB bandwidth of about 1.536 GHz and FSR about 13.5 GHz have been achieved. The performance of a downconverting analog photonic link (APL) employing the designed filter for microwave signal processing is also measured and a spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) as high as 104.1dB-Hz(2/3) is observed.