[Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Cu(â ¡) by Activated Carbon/Macromolecule Composite Hydrogel].

Activated carbon/alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite macromolecule hydrogels (CAP) were prepared as adsorbents to study their adsorption performance for methylene blue (MB) and Cu2+ in aqueous solution. The effect of dosage, pH, temperature, contact time, and initial concentrations of MB and Cu2+ on the adsorption process was investigated. SEM, FTIR, and BET analyses were conducted to identify the physicochemical properties of CAP. The results indicated that activated carbon was successfully loaded into the interconnected 3D porous network and CAP had rich -COOH and -OH groups. The surface area of the composite hydrogel was 112.7 m2·g-1. With the dosage and temperature increase, the adsorbed amount of MB and Cu2+ on CAP decreased, while with the increase in pH, the adsorbed amount increased. The adsorption isotherm was fitted to the Langmuir equation and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of MB and Cu2+ on CAP were 1940.75 and 190.48 mg·g-1, respectively. The adsorption was a fast process and 90% of the maximum adsorption capacity could be reached in 5 h. The kinetic data were fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model reasonably well. CAP had excellent adsorption properties after five times of regeneration.

[Treating Simulated Dye Wastewater by an In Situ Copper Ferrite Process].

Four types of simulated dye wastewater containing methylene blue, tartrazine, Congo red, and crystal violet were treated by an in situ copper ferrite process, and the influencing factors of the operational parameters in this process were studied. The main mechanism of dye removal was suggested by reaction thermodynamics and solid products characterization for methylene blue removal. The results showed that an in situ copper ferrite process could effectively remove four kinds of simulated dyes by adjusting reaction conditions appropriately. The maximum capacities of the in situ copper ferrite process for methylene blue, crystal violet, tartrazine, and Congo red were 349.2, 382.2, 402.5 and 831.8 mg·g-1, respectively, under reaction condition of c(Cu2+) of 0.01 mol·L-1, c(Fe2+) of 0.025 mol·L-1, c(OH)/c(M)=1.7 (hydroxyl and metal molar ratio), reaction temperature of 40℃, and reaction time of 60 min. Comprehensive physical interactions, including a sweeping effect, encapsulation, and high active surface adsorption of the in situ Fe-Cu precipitates were the dominant mechanisms in dye removal by the process. Copper ferrite, as an effective magnetic adsorbent and a highly efficient environmental catalyst, was regenerated by magnetic separation, catalytic oxidation, and high temperature calcination.

[Impact of Ammonia and H2O2 on Bromate and Disinfection By-products Control].

A pilot-scale study with conventional water treatment and ozone-biological activated carbon (O3-BAC) treatment was conducted to evaluate the impact of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) addition on the bromate and disinfection by-products formation potential (DBPFP) control, with bromide containing water as raw water. It was found that bromate concentration would exceed 10.00 µg·L-1 as ozone doses were higher than 1.0 mg·L-1 under different water qualities. Ammonia and H2O2could effectively control bromate formation and bromate concentration decreased as ammonia and H2O2 doses increased. Bromate concentration could be controlled below 10.00 µg·L-1 as ammonia dose was 0.10-0.30 mg·L-1 or the m(H2O2)/m(O3) was 0.2-1.0. However, as ammonia-H2O2 was combined for the same purpose, bromate increased firstly and then decreased. Ammonia addition would not significantly affect the THMFP control but H2O2 application would depress the efficiency of THMFP removal.

Spectral phase effects and control requirements of coherent beam combining for ultrashort ultrahigh intensity laser systems.

Based on the premise that further improvements to the size and damage threshold of large-aperture optical components are severely limited, coherent beam combining (CBC) is a promising way to scale up the available peak power of pulses for ultrashort ultrahigh intensity laser systems. Spectral phase effects are important issues and have a significant impact on the performance of CBC. In this work, we analyze systematically factors such as spectral dispersions and longitudinal chromatism, and get the general spectral phase control requirements of CBC for ultrashort ultrahigh intensity laser systems. It is demonstrated that different orders of dispersion influence intensity shape of the combined beam, and high-order dispersions affect the temporal contrast of the combined beam, while the number of the channels to be combined has little impact on the temporal Strehl ratio (SR) of the combined beam. In addition, longitudinal chromatism should be controlled effectively since it has a detrimental effect on the combined beam at the focal plane, both temporally and spatially.

[Influence of nutrient sources on Anabaena spiroides growth and odorous compounds production characteristics].

The occurrence of taste and odors, produced by secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria, has been one of the major water quality problems in drinking water. However, the odorous compounds produced by cyanobacteria usually differ significantly with different species. One cyanobacterium isolated from Yanghe reservoir was identified as Anabaena sp., which can produce high level of geosmin consistently during laboratory culture. By culture expanding experiments, the algal growth and geosmin production characteristics of the Anabaena sp. were studied on different conditions of nitrogen and phosphorus sources. The results indicated that geosmin mainly remained in the intracellular algal cells regardless of the nutrient sources, and the extracellular content was only in th range of 0.2% - 9.6%. Compared with ammonia nitrogen conditions, the growth of Anabaena sp. in nitrate nitrogen conditions was much higher, with a 1.4-fold variation in geosmin production. While ammonia nitrogen concentration was 0.5 mg/L, the algal biomass and geosmin production achieved the highest level of 3.8 x 10(4) cells, mL(-1) and 1.1 x 10(4) ngL(-1), respectively. When the nitrate nitrogen concentration was 2.0 mg/L, the algal biomass and geosmin production achieved the highest level of 6.6 x 10(4) cells x mL(-1) and 1.3 x 10(4) ng x L(-1), respectively. Compared with nitrogen sources, the growth of Anabaena sp. could be promoted significantly until phosphorus level attained 0.12 mg/L, indicating that phosphorus is the main limiting nutrient source for Anabaena sp.. For Yanghe reservoir, the nutrient level has already been enough for the growth of Anabaena sp. Therefore, the nutrient source content, especially phosphorus, should be reduced effectively to control the cyanobacterium bloom and taste and odor problems.

[Classification and diagnostic prediction of colorectal cancer using protein profiling of serum and bioinformatics].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a bioinformatic tool and to use it to identify proteomic patterns in serum, distinguishing colorectal cancer from colorectal adenoma and healthy individuals. METHODS: 182 serum samples including 55 colorectal cancer patients, 35 colorectal adenoma and 92 healthy individuals were subjected to analysis by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry. RESULT: The diagnostic pattern combined of 4 candidate biomarkers (M/Z 5911, 8922, 8 944, and 8817) could separate colorectal patients from healthy control with a specificity of 93.3%, sensitivity of 90.9%, and Youden index value of 0.84242. The diagnostic pattern combined of 7 candidate biomarkers (M/Z 17247, 18420 ,5911, 9294, 4654, 21694, and 21742) could separate colorectal cancer patients from colorectal adenoma patients with a specificity of 83.2%, sensitivity of 89.3%, and Youden index value of 0.72484. CONCLUSION: Combination of SELDI with bioinformatics tool can identify some new biomarkers from the sera of colorectal cancer patients, which has a high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish colorectal cancer patients from healthy control.

[Study on 3-nitrophenol wastewater treatment in UASB].

Characteristics of anaerobic granules before and after acclimation, removal efficiencies of 3-nitrophenol (3-NP) and performance of 3-NP wastewater treatment were investigated in a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB). The results showed that granular sludge acclimatized to 3-NP rapidly during acclimation. Using SEM, the filamentous bacteria was the predominant bacteria on the surface of granules. Throughout the study of 3-NP wastewater anaerobic degradation, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and input COD concentration were kept constant as 26 h and 2 500 mg/L, respectively. While 3-NP concentrations increasing from 20 mg/L to 250 mg/L gradually, COD removal decreased from 95.2% to 85.1% and 3-NP removal efficiencies were always more than 99%. 3-AP was found to be the major intermediate during the degradation of 3-NP. Out of the total input of 3-NP concentration, on molar basis, about 58.7% - 111.9% of 3-NP was recovered in the form of 3-AP. With increasing 3-NP concentration, the variations of gas production were minimal. The minimum methane percentage was 65% and the maximum was 74%.

[Anaerobic biodegradation of nitrophenols with glucose as co-substrate].

A batch anaerobic test was conducted to examine the biodegradation of 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,6-dinitrophenol through measuring accumulative methane production. The Relative activity values were used to judge the inhibition level of nitrophenols on methanogenic bacteria. The test conditions was as follow: glucose was used as co-substrate and the temperature is 35 degrees C. It didn't cause inhibition when concentrations of 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,6-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dinitrophenol were below 24mg/L, 20mg/L, 12mg/L and 4mg/L respectively. Slight inhibition was caused when concentrations of 4-nitrophenol and 2,6-dinitrophenol were 24mg/L and 16mg/L-24mg/L respectively. Middle inhibition when concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol were 8mg/L-24mg/L was observed. The inhibition level was 2,4-dinitrophenol > 2,6-dinitrophenol > 4-nitrophenol > 2-nitrophenol.