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In the semi-humid region, developing innovative water conservation urban green space design and facilitating urban greening projects from high water consumption to water conservation are hot topics in research and practice. Using the simulated rainfall method, we explored the water interception and collection functions and their influencing factors of six shrub species (Ligustrum ×vicaryi, Euonymus japonicas, Buxus sinica var. parvifolia, Photinia ×fraseri, Juniperus chinensis and Platycladus orientalis) in urban green space in the semi-humid region. The results showed that canopy interception and water harvesting were two stages in hydrological processes. The canopy interception of coniferous shrubs was high, while their stemflow was low. When the rainfall intensity increased, throughfall rates and stem-flow rates of all shrub species increased significantly, while the interception rate relatively decreased. The throughfall and stem-flow rates of broad-leaved shrubs were significantly higher than those of coniferous shrubs. The canopy interception was significantly lower in broad-leaved shrub species than in coniferous ones. At the center of canopy projection, the throughfall rate was the lowest. The leaf area index (LAI) and throughfall rate decreased gradually from the center of the canopy projection area. When the rainfall intensity was small, the throughfall rate at the center of canopy projection area was low, and thus the interception rate and the stem-flow rate were higher. When the rainfall intensity was more elevated, throughfall at the center of canopy projection area was large, and thus the interception rate and the stem-flow rate were low. With increasing rainfall intensity, the funnel-shaped water collection system tended to shrink due to the increases of throughfall rate at the edge of canopy. Rainfall intensity and LAI were the most critical factors affecting water harvesting function. Planting broad-leaved shrubs under the forest may be more effective in water harvesting than planting coniferous shrubs.
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Rain , Tracheophyta , Forests , Parks, Recreational , Trees , Water , Water MovementsABSTRACT
Objective To research the application effect of mobile network PBL in combination with the micro-lesson teaching in surgical practice.Methods The research objects were the clinical medical interns of grade 2012. Students were divided into two groups: the experimental group using mobile network PBL in combination with the micro-lesson teaching method, and the control group using the traditional LBL teaching method. The examination scores, case analysis and discuss performance were compared between the two groups.Results The tests grades, clinical cases analysis, discuss performance of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05); Active classroom atmosphere, active learning, improve teamwork and interpersonal communication of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of control group, et cetera (P＜0.01).Conclusion The effect of mobile network PBL in combination with the micro-lesson teaching method in surgical practice teaching is very good.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between miR-501-5p expression and the clinicopathological factors in patients with lung adenocarcinoma in Xuanwei area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Surgical specimens of lung adenocarcinoma and paired adjacent tissues from 24 patients with lung adenocarcinoma from Xuanwei area were examined for miR-501-5p expression using microRNA microarray technique and qPCR. Chi-square test was used to analyze the association of miR-501-5P expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. Multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the association of miR-501-5p expression with the patients' gender, age, tumor stage, and preoperative CEA level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MicroRNA microarray analysis and qPCR validation results revealed significantly upregulated expressions of miR-501-5p in patients with lung adenocarcinoma from Xuanwei area (Plt;0.01). The microarray data showed an up-regulation of miR-501-5p by 3.17 folds in lung adenocarcinoma tissue compared with the adjacent tissue (P=0.22376, FDR=0.071395). Chi-square test indicated that miR-501-5p expression level was associated with the patients' age (f=7.168, P=0.014), TNM stage (f=36.627, P<0.01), and preoperative serum CEA level (f=30.045, Plt;0.01), but not with the patients' gender (f=3.612, P=0.071). Multiple regression analysis revealed that miR-501-5p expression was positively correlated with the patients' age, TNM stage of the tumor, and serum CEA (Plt;0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>miR-501-5p expression is up-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma with significant associations with the patients' age, TNM stages and serum CEA level in patients from Xuanwei area, suggesting its potential role in the tumorigenesis and progression of lung adenocarcinoma in Xuanwei area.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) related to lung adenocarcinoma in Xuanwei region and predict their target genes and related signaling pathways based on bioinformatic analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>High-throughput microarray assay was performed to detect miRNA expression profiles in 34 paired human lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent normal tissues (including 24 cases in Xuanwei region and 10 in other regions). Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses were used to predict the target genes and the regulatory signaling pathways.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-four miRNAs were differentially expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues in cases in Xuanwei region as compared with cases in other regions, including 23 upregulated and 11 downregulated miRNAs. The predicted target genes included GF, RTK, SOS, IRS1, BCAP, CYTOKINSR, ECM, ITGB, FAK and Gbeta;Y involving the PI3K/Alt, WNT and MAPK pathways.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The specific microRNA expression profiles of lung adenocarcinoma in cases found in Xuanwei region allow for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma in Xuanwei. The predicted target genes may involve the PI3K/Alt, WNT and MAPK pathways.</p>
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Humans , Adenocarcinoma , Genetics , Metabolism , Computational Biology , Gene Expression Profiling , Lung , Metabolism , Lung Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , MicroRNAs , Genetics , Metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the content of silica in C1 bituminous coal and its combustion products in the high-incidence area of lung cancer in Xuanwei, Yunnan Province, China and to investigate the relationship between high incidence of lung cancer among non-smoking women and silica produced naturally in C1 bituminous coal in Xuan Wei.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The C1 bituminous coal widely used in the high-incidence area of lung cancer in Xuanwei was selected as experiment group, while the C2+1, K7, and M30 bituminous coal that was mined and used in the low-incidence area of lung cancer in Xuanwei for more than 10 years were selected as control group. Fourteen paraffin-embedded cancer tissue samples from the non-smoking women with non-small cell lung cancer who were born in Xuanwei and were at least the 3rd generation of the family living there were collected from the department of pathology, the third affiliated hospital of kunming medical university (tumor hospital of yunnan province). Titrimetric potassium silicofluoride method was used to measure the content of silica in raw coal and its bottom ashes in 20 samples from the experimental group and control group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of silica particles in C1 bituminous coal and its bottom ashes, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (SEM-EDX) was used to analyze the microscopic composition. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to observe the morphology of silica particles in the bottom ashes and coal soot of C1 bituminous coal as well as the lung cancer tissue from the non-smoking women in Xuanwei, and transmission electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (TEM-EDX) was used to analyze the microscopic composition. The silica particles were separated from the coal soot and bottom ashes and characterized by physical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The silica content in C1 bituminous coal and its bottom ashes was significantly higher than that in C2+1, K7, and M30 bituminous coal (P < 0.05). The bottom ashes of C1 bituminous coal contained a large quantity of silica particles, mostly with microscale sizes. Silica particles were found in the soot of C1 bituminous coal and the lung cancer tissue from non-smoking women in Xuanwei. The silica particles in the bottom ashes were mostly 120 ∼ 500 nm in diameter, had various shapes, and contained such elements as iron, aluminium, calcium, and potassium; the silica particles in the coal soot were mostly nanoscale, ranging from 37 nm to 80 nm in diameter, had various shapes, with some in fibrous form, had non smooth surfaces, and contained such elements as iron, potassium, calcium, aluminium, and sulfur.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In Xuanwei, the incidence of lung cancer among non-smoking women is high in the area where silica-rich C1 bituminous coal is produced. There are silica particles enriched in both the combustion products (coal soot and bottom ashes) of C1 bituminous coal and the cancer tissue from the non-smoking women with non-small cell lung cancer, with similar morphology and microscopic composition. We hypothesize that the silica particles from combusted C1 bituminous coal in Xuanwei are mixed with indoor air and inhaled along with other suspended particles.</p>
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Female , Humans , Air Pollutants , China , Epidemiology , Coal , Coal Ash , Environmental Exposure , Incidence , Lung Neoplasms , Epidemiology , Risk Factors , Silicon Dioxide , SmokingABSTRACT
Objective To explore the generative mechanism of bacterial wave growth in view of the open living system of microorganism. Methods With the single strain of bacterium as the subject, the nonlinear method of the dynamic systems and the analyzing method of the numerical simulation were used to study the effect of the changing environment on the bacterial growth. Results A mathematical model of the relationship between the bacterial wave growth and environment was established. Conclusion This model is verified to be scientific and its numerical simulation results are obtained, providing a helpful quantitative analysis for the research on the laws of bacterial wave growth.
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Objective To explore the generative mechanism of bacterial wave growth in view of the open living system of microorganism. Methods With the single strain of bacterium as the subject, the nonlinear method of the dynamic systems and the analyzing method of the numerical simulation were used to study the effect of the changing environment on the bacterial growth. Results A mathematical model of the relationship between the bacterial wave growth and environment was established. Conclusion This model is verified to be scientific and its numerical simulation results are obtained, providing a helpful quantitative analysis for the research on the laws of bacterial wave growth.
