Exploring governance policy of marine fishery litter in China: Evolution, challenges and prospects.

With great economic loss and environmental hazards, litter derived from marine fishery production has been a worldwide problem and has risen common concerns. China is no exception. The government of China has made an effort in the marine fishery litter governance since 1982 by issuing policy documents. This study reviews relevant policies from 1982 to 2021 and analyzes them to improve marine fishery litter governance. Three stages can be divided: The initial formation period (1982-2006), the exploratory governance period (2006-2016), and the fine development period (2016-present). The marine fishery litter governance policy system has been continuously improved, but the rough governance link joins, vague responsibility partition and insufficient coordination, and technology and knowledge pose challenges to the policy implementation. Finally, prospects on marine fishery litter governance policy formulation and implementation are put forward.

Evolution of marine litter governance policies in China: Review, performance and prospects.

This study aims to empirically analyze the current situation of marine litter governance in China and unearth methods for future development. Based on a mix of 171 policy documents, this article traces the evolution of marine litter governance policies in China since 1982, using the method of literature analysis and content analysis and ROSTCM6 software. These policies can be divided into three stages: the initial establishment stage (1982-1989), the rapid development stage (1990-1999) and the comprehensive development stage (2000-2020). In each period, the characteristics and performances of policies are analyzed. Key findings demonstrate that policy subjects and tools have been gradually diversified, the content and scope of governance have become broader, and the policy focus has shifted from quantity reduction to green, intelligent and high-quality development. The development of future marine litter governance policy should improve the legal system, focus on technology, and establish a comprehensive management mechanism for land and sea coordination.

Evolution of marine ranching policies in China: Review, performance and prospects.

Marine ranching is an important tool for resource enhancement and ecologically sustainable development. Chinese government has promulgated a series of policies to develop marine ranching vigorously. Analyzing the evolutionary progression of marine ranching policies is necessary to improve the management of marine ranching and maximize its effectiveness. This paper conducted an empirical analysis on 92 policy documents, through the content analysis method and ROSTCM6 software. These policies can be divided into three stages: the initial formation and appearance period (1991-2005), the integrated framework with rapid development period (2006-2015) and the habitat restoration and sustainable development expansion period (after 2015). The study found that the management framework of marine ranching has continually improved; a basic technical regulation system has gradually formed; ecology priority has been increasingly obvious. However, some limitations including the hindrance of ex post control, the lack of the coordination among diverse participants and insufficient supervision of ecological impacts on adjacent sea areas still exist and deserve attention during the evolution of marine ranching policy. At the end, the analysis results suggest that the policy systems require improvement to develop a real-time control system, expand coordination channels among stakeholders, strengthen the supervision of ecological impacts on adjacent sea areas, adhere to sustainable development goals and promote research on solutions that curb global warming in marine ranching construction in the future.